Ntsayka Ikanum – Our Story
LESSON 2
1
REVIEW OF PREVIOUS LESSON
What is a Tribe?
A group of indigenous people that share similar
cultural, social, political, and/or economic
characteristics.
What is a Band?
A group of native people joined in a common
purpose; to unite as a group – the band is usually
a smaller part of a tribe.
What is a Native American/American
Indian?
refers to an indigenous person of any global place
- an enrolled member, member, or descendent of
a Tribe – also known as Indian
2
Check for understanding:
What is a Tribe?
a. A group of people in South
America.
b.A group of indigenous people that
share similar cultural, social,
political, and/or economic
characteristics.
c. A type of food.
d.None of the above.
3
Who are the Confederated
Tribes of Grand Ronde?
►The Ancestors of the Confederated Tribes of the
Grand Ronde Community of Oregon inhabited Oregon’s
inland valleys and parts of the coast since time
immemorial before white settlers arrived.
►More than 30 Tribes and Bands were gathered from
Western Oregon, Southwestern Washington, and
Northern California and removed to the Reservation
after signing 7 treaties from 1853-1855.
4
How long have Tribes been in Oregon?
The Tribes were here since time
immemorial (before European contact).
►At least 14,500 years based on oral
traditions
►At least 14,300 years based on
archaeological record
5
Discussion Question:
What changes occurred
because of European contact?
6
The Removal of Tribes
Pre-Termination
Lesson 2
7
Removal of Tribes 1855-1857
• Tribes were relocated to the Grand Ronde Indian
Reservation.
• A reservation is land held for special use, in this case a place
for Indians.
• The Grand Ronde Indians were taken by horse, wagon, and
steam boat, but mostly by foot.
• The most memorable of these relocations is what the Tribal
community today calls “Grand Ronde’s Trail of Tears.”
8
Grand Ronde’s Trail of Tears
• Native people were gathered up near Ft. Lane, at the base
of Table Rock (near present day Medford) and forced to
march during the winter months beginning February 23
through March 25, 1856, to the Grand Ronde Indian
Reservation.
• The march was over 30 days long.
• During this march 8 people died and 8 babies were born,
so the military officers supervising the march were able to
state that “they had arrived with the number of people
they had left with.”
9
10
Photo of Table Rock
11
Gertrude Mercier and Martha Jane Sands (left to
right) were on the Grand Ronde Trail of Tears
12
The Hudson Family was on the
Grand Ronde Trail of Tears
13
Solomon Riggs was on the
Grand Ronde Trail of Tears
14
Jenny Riggs was on the
Grand Ronde Trail of Tears
15
Discussion Questions/Journaling
• What would it be like to be taken from your
home permanently and forced to go to a
reservation?
• How would you react to being told that you
could not leave the reservation or talk with any
of your family or friends outside of the
reservation?
• What changes did these Native Americans have
to make?
16
The Grand Ronde Reservation
• The Reservation was begun by treaty arrangements in
1854 and 1855 and established by Executive Order on
June 30, 1857.
• The original Reservation contained more than 60,000
acres.
• The Reservation was located on the eastern side of the
coast range on the headwaters of the South Yamhill
River, about 60 miles southwest of Portland and about
25 miles from the ocean.
17
18
Early Reservation
• Ft. Yamhill was
established and manned
by the U.S. Army.
• The soldiers were
responsible for keeping
Indians on the
Reservation and white
settlers off the
Reservation.
• It contained about 30
Tribes and bands.
19
Reservation Life
• There were few jobs at
the Reservation;
Indians were paid ½
wages.
• Many people left the
Reservation to work in
agriculture.
• Many men worked in
logging.
• Others worked in hops
and bean fields.
• Others worked in
canneries.
20
Reservation Life
• Tribal members
adapted to the
changing times.
• Many intertribal
marriages took
place.
• Tribal people now
have relations at
nearly all
Reservations in
Oregon.
21
Reservation Life
• Tribal people participate
in traditional activities.
22
BINGO
23
Closing:
The next lesson will…
• Discuss the 5 principle Tribes
that make up the Confederated
Tribes of Grand Ronde and
review Grand Ronde’s early
Tribal Leaders.
24