PRESENT SIMPLE – PAST SIMPLE
PAST SIMPLE – PAST PERFECT
FUTURE SIMPLE – FUTURE IN THE PAST
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE – PAST PROGRESSIVE
PRESENT PERFECT – PAST PERFECT
ДЛЯ ПЕРЕДАЧИ ПОВЕСТВОВАТЕЛЬНОГО
ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ В КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ НЕОБХОДИМО:
1. СОБЛЮДАТЬ ПРАВИЛО СОГЛАСОВАНИЯ ВРЕМЕН
2. ЗАМЕНЯТЬ ЛИЧНЫЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ ПО СМЫСЛУ
3. ИСПОЛЬЗОВАТЬ ГЛАГОЛЫ TO SAY, TO TELL
(HE SAID, HE TOLD THAT…)
4. ЗАМЕНЯТЬ НАРЕЧИЯ (места и времени действия.) ПО
СМЫСЛУ:
HERE – THERE
THIS - THAT
NOW – THEN
TODAY – THAT DAY
YESTERDAY – THE DAY BEFORE
TOMORROW – THE NEXT DAY
DIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH
PRESENT SIMPLE
S + V/ Vs
S + DON’T/ DOESN/T + V
PAST SIMPLE
S + Ved / V2
S + DIDN’T + V
PAST SIMPLE
S + Ved / V2
S + DIDN’T + V
PAST PERFECT
S + HAD + Ved/3
S + HADN’T + Ved/3
FUTURE SIMPLE
S + SHALL/ WILL + V
S + SHAN’T/ WON’T + V
FUTURE IN THE PAST
S + SHOULD/ WOULD + V
PRESENT PERFECT
S + HAS/HAVE + Ved/ V3
PAST PERFECT
S + HAD + Ved/3
S + HADN’T + Ved/3
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
S + AM/ IS/ ARE + Ving
PAST PROGRESSIVE
S + WAS/ WERE + Ving
DIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH
PRESENT SIMPLE
“I study English at school”
“We don’t like to read books”
PAST SIMPLE
He said that he studied English.
They said they didn’t like books
PAST SIMPLE
“My parents lived here two
years ago”
PAST PERFECT
She said her parents had lived
there two years before.
FUTURE SIMPLE
“We will tell you about it
tomorrow”
FUTURE IN THE PAST
They told that they would tell
Her about it the next day.
PRESENT PERFECT
“I have never been in Paris”
PAST PERFECT
He said he had never been in
Paris.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
“He is watching TV now”
PAST PROGRESSIVE
She said that he was watching
TV then.
ПРИ ПЕРЕДАЧЕ ПОВЕЛИТЕЛЬНОГО ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ
В КОСВЕННОЙ РЕЧИ ГЛАГОЛ TO SAY ЗАМЕНЯЕТСЯ
ГЛАГОЛАМИ: TO ASK, TO TELL, TO ORDER.
КОСВЕННАЯ ПРОСЬБА И ПРИКАЗ ВЫРАЖАЮТСЯ
ИНФИНИТИВОМ ПОСЛЕ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОГО В
ОБЩЕМ ПАДЕЖЕ ИЛИ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ В ОБЪЕКТНОМ
ПАДЕЖЕ.
DIRECT SPEECH
“Go home!”, said the
teacher to us
INDIRECT SPEECH
The teacher told us
to go home (to V)
“Don’t make noise!” said My granny asked me
my granny.
Not to make noise.
(not to V)
1.
2.
3.
4.
ПРЯМОЙ ПОРЯДОК СЛОВ
СЛОВА АВТОРА ВВОДЯТСЯ СЛОВАМИ IF, WHETHER
СХЕМА ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ: IF + S + v + V
ДЛЯ ПЕРЕДАЧИ КОСВЕННЫХ ВОПРОСОВ
ИСПОЛЬЗУЮТСЯ ГЛАГОЛЫ: ASKED,
WANTED TO KNOW, WONDERED.
СЛОВА АВТОРА ВВОДЯТСЯ ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНЫМИ
МЕСТОИМЕНИЯМИ
DIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH
PRESENT SIMPLE
“DO/DOES+S+V?”
(HE) ASKED PAST SIMPLE
IF S+ Ved/V2
PAST SIMPLE
“DID+S+V?”
(HE) ASKED PAST PERFECT
IF S+HAD+Ved/V3
FUTURE SIMPLE
“WILL/SHALL+ S+V?”
(HE) ASKED FUTURE IN THE PAST
IF S+ WOULD/SHOULD+ V
PRESENT PERFECT
“HAVE/HAS+S+Ved/V3
(HE) ASKED PAST PERFECT
IF S+HAD+Ved/V3
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (HE) ASKED PAST PROGRESSIVE
IF S+WAS/WERE+Ving
“AM/IS/ARE+S+Ving?”
DIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH
PRESENT SIMPLE
“Do you like jam?”
(HE) ASKED PAST SIMPLE
IF I liked jam
PAST SIMPLE
“Did your sister go to
school yesterday?”
(HE) ASKED PAST PERFECT
IF My sister had gone to
FUTURE SIMPLE
(HE) ASKED FUTURE IN THE PAST
IF They would visit their
“Will they visit their
friends tomorrow?”
PRESENT PERFECT
“Have you finished your
Homework?”
school
the day before?”
Friends the next day
(HE) ASKED PAST PERFECT
IF She had finished her
homework
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (HE) ASKED PAST PROGRESSIVE
IF We were listening music
“Are you listening to
Music now?”
then
1. He said, “Do you like shopping?”
He asked if I liked shopping
2. Mother said to her son, “ Have you invited anybody to
dinner?”
Mother asked her son if he had invited …
3. He asked me, “ Will you go to the disco tomorrow?”
He asked me if I would go to the disco the next day
4. Ann said, “ Jane, where are you going for the weekend?”
Ann asked Jane where she was going for the weekend.
5. I said to my friend, “How long did you stay in Moscow?”
I asked my friend how long he had stayed in Moscow.
6. Mike said to me, “ Where can I see you next time?”
Mike asked me where he could see me the following time.
7. He said me, “ What will you do after school?”
He asked me what I would do after school.
1. I said to Boris, “Does your friend live in London?”
?
I asked Boris if his friend lived in London.
2. “Sit down and do your homework,” said Tom’s mother !
to him.
Tom’s mother told him to sit down and do his homework.
3. My uncle said, “ We shall visit you next week.”
+
My uncle said they would visit us the following week.
4. “Where are your books, boys?” said the teacher.
?
The teacher asked boys where their books were.
5. “ Don’t cross the street under the red light,” said the man
to Nick.
!
The man told Nick not to cross the street….
?
6. Mother said to me, “Did you play with your friends
yesterday?” Mother asked me if I had played… with my...
7. “I am shivering with cold,” said the girl.
+
The girl said that she was shivering with cold.