PERKEMBANGAN
DEFINISI TEKNOLOGI
PENDIDIKAN
Oleh
Prof. Dr.Yusufhadi Miarso, M.Sc.
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ARTI DEFINISI
• PEMBATASAN DAN/ATAU
PENJELASAN SUATU KONSEP
• SUATU KONSEP DIWAKILI OLEH SATU
ISTILAH
• ISTILAH DIPERLUKAN UNTUK
MEMPERMUDAH KOMUNIKASI
• ISTILAH ITU MENUNJUKKAN GAGASAN
TERTENTU DAN MEWAKILI RUJUKAN
TERTENTU
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SEGITIGA ACUAN
(Triangle of Reference)
Gagasan
Istilah
Mewakili
Rujukan
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DEFINISI KONSEP
• DEFINISI KONOTATIF
– MENGHUBUNGKAN/MENJELASKAN
DENGAN KONSEP LAIN YANG KURANG
ABSTRAK
• DEFINISI DENOTATIF
– MENUNJUKKAN GAGASAN DAN RUJUKAN,
TERMASUK KONDISI, PROSEDUR DLL.
YANG DIPERLUKAN
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PERLUNYA DEFINIISI
Konghucu (Confucius – seperti dikutip
James D. Finn) : “The one thing needed is
the definition of terms. If terms are ill
defined, statements disagree with facts;
when statements disagree with facts,
business is mismanaged; when business is
mismanaged, order and harmony do not
flourish, then justice becomes arbitrary, the
people do not know how to move hand or
foot”
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AWAL PERKEMBANGAN (1)
•
•
•
•
Teaching aids (1920)
Visual instruction (1928) – first book by Anna V.
Doris “Visual Instruction in the Public Schools”
Audiovisual Instruction (1930)
Tujuan :
•
•
•
Mengkonkritkan konsep abstrak
Mengklasifikasikan alat bantu visual
Mengintergrasikan alat bantu visual dalam
kurikulum
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AWAL PERKEMBANGAN (2)
• Audiovisual Communications (1932) –
dibentuknya DAVI (Department of
Audiovisul Instruction) dari NEA
• Tujuan :
• Promoting and using visual aids in the school
• Enrichment for teachers in the classrooms
• Techniques to improve instruction
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DAVI of NEA
• First Definition (1963) :
Audiovisual communications is that branch of
educational theory and practice primarily
concerned with the design and use of messages
which control the learning process. … These
undertaking include the planning, production,
selection, management, and utilization of both
components and entire instructional systems.
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PESIDENTIAL COMMISSION ON
INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY (1970)
• The media born of the communication revolution
which can be used for instructional purposes
• A systematic way of designing, carrying out, and
evaluating the total process of learning and
teaching in terms of specific objectives, based
on the research in human learning and
communication and employing a combination of
human and non human resources to bring about
more effective instruction
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DAVI
AECT 1970
• Second Definition 1972
Educational technology is a field involved
in the facilitation of human learning
through the systematic identification,
development, organization and utilization
of a full range of learning resources and
through the management of these
processes
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THE FIELD OF EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY (1972)
MANAGEMENT
FUNCTIONS
LEARNING RESOURCES
DEVELOPMENT FUNCTIONS
LEARNING RESOURCES
Research-Theory
Organization
Management
of
Design
Production-Location
Evaluation-Selection
Personnel
Management
of
people
who
resources by resources by
design
utilization
people
materials
Organization-Supply
settings
Tools/equipment
Utilization
(utilization-dissemination)
activities
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AECT Third Definition
• Educational technology is a complex,
integrated process, involving people,
procedures, ideas, devices and
organization, for analyzing problem and
devising, implementing, evaluating and
managing solutions to those problems,
involves in all aspects of human learning.
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Domain of Educational Technology
EDUCATIONAL
MANAGEMENT
FUNCTIONS
Organization
Management
Personal
Management
EDUCATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
FUNCTIONS
Research-theory
Design
Production
Evaluation –
Selection
Logistics
Utilization
Utilization/
Dissemination
LEARNING
RESOURCES
Message
People
Materials
Devices
Techniques
Settings
LEARNER
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AECT Fourth Definition 1994
• Instructional technology is the theory and
practice of design, development, utilization,
management, and evaluation of processes and
resources for learning
• Components of the definition :
• theory and practice
• of design, development, utilization, management and
evaluation
• of processes and resources
• for learning
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Definition of Instructional Technology (1994)
DEVELOPMENT
of processes
and resources
for learning
DESIGN
of processes
and resources
for learning
UTILIZATION
of processes
and resources
for learning
THEORY
&
PRACTICE
MANAGEMENT
of processes
and resources
for learning
EVALUATION
of processes
and resources
for learning
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ADAPTASI DEFINISI TEKNOLOGI PENDIDIKAN
PERANCANGAN
PROSES, SUMBER
& SISTEM
BELAJAR
PENELITIAN
PROSES, SUMBER
& SISTEM
BELAJAR
PENGEMBANGAN
PROSES, SUMBER
& SISTEM
BELAJAR
TEORI &
PRAKTEK
PENILAIAN
PROSES, SUMBER
& SISTEM
BELAJAR
PEMANFAATAN
PROSES, SUMBER
& SISTEM
BELAJAR
PENGELOLAAN
PROSES, SUMBER
& SISTEM
BELAJAR
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CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPEMENT
HUMAN RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
TECHNOLOGY
TEKNOLOGI
PEMBELAJARAN
PERFORMANCE
TECHNOLOGY
TEKNOLOGI
PENDIDIKAN/
KINERJA
INSTRUCTIONAL
TECHNOLOGY
MEDIA
PEMBELAJARAN
BEHAVIOR
TECHNOLOGY
PERAGAAN
AJARAN
Romiszowski
Yusufhadi Miarso
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