• Remain silent while announcements are
on. Get out a sheet of paper for the
reading quiz.
• Exempt:
– Maggie
– Matt
– Sophie
– Veronica
– Ian
1. In what country did the Industrial Revolution
start?
2. Describe the difference between a bulk-gaining
industry and a bulk-reducing industry.
3. Give one example of a bulk-gaining industry
and one example of a bulk-reducing industry
4. List 4 types of transportation industries can
use to ship their product. Which is the
cheapest?
Warm Up Monday 4/25
List any/all ways human geography had an
impact on your spring break or how your
spring break had an impact on human
geography.
THINK OUTSIDE OF THE BOX!
WELCOME BACK!
Industry
Where is Industry Distributed?
• Clustered in 4 regions:
– Northwestern Europe
– Eastern Europe
– Eastern North America
– East Asia
Industrial Revolution
• Western Europe
– 1700’s in Great Britain
• Resulted
– Social
– Economic
– political inventions
United States
• Northeastern
– tied to European Markets
– Good source of raw materials
Today’s U.S. Industrial Mecca’s
• New England
– Skilled labor
• Western Great Lakes
– Access to transportation
Industrial Regions
• Japan
– Manufacture high quality products at low
costs
– Faced with isolation and distance from other
consumers
Why do Industries Have Different
Distributions?
• Industry:
– Maximize profits
– Minimizing production costs
Why do Industries Have Different
Distributions
Situation factors vs. site factors
Situation Factors
• Proximity to Inputs:
natural resources, parts, etc.
• Copper Industry:
– Near copper mine b/c it is a bulk-reducing
industry
• Bulk reducing- Final product weighs less than input
Situation Factors
• Proximity to Markets
– Bulk gaining- gains volume or weight during
production
• Soft drinks
• T.V.’s, refrigerators, air conditioners
Situation Factors
• Perishable Products
– Must be close to markets
Transportation
• Inputs/products
– Trucks- short distance
– Ships- long distance
– Air- most expensive
• Break of Bulk Points
– Seaports, airports
– Each time inputs/products transferred cost
rises
Site Factors
• Labor- most important on GLOBAL scale
• Land
• capital
Labor
• Low cost + low skilled = MONEY!
Land
• Important if encompasses natural and
human resources
Capital
• Manufacturers borrow $ to establish new
factories
• Issues arise in LDC’s
• Name some industries local to our town.
Identify and explain the situation and site
factors involved in each industry’s location.
• Pick an industry in this area and describe
how its closing would affect the town’s
economy. Would the jobs lost in the
closing by the only effects?
• Get homework out. Remain silent while
announcements are on.
Reading Quiz 2
1. In what types of countries is industry
expanding?
2. What do “right to work” laws deal with?
3. Describe a maquiladora plant.
Financing Development
• LDC’s lack funds for financing
development
– Loans
– Direct investment
Fair Trade
• made and traded according to standards
(LDC’s)
– protect workers
– small businesses
Fair Trade Product Standards
• Farmers band together
• Borrow from banks, reduce material costs
• Consumers pay more, higher quality
– coffee
Fair Trade Worker Standards
• Protection of workers rights
• Workers fair wages, environmental safety
standards
• Distribution of money
• Fair Trade Sheet and Project
1st period Quiz Exemptions
Kevin P.
Evelyn R.
2nd Period Exemptions
Site Factors
• Labor- most important on GLOBAL scale
• Land
• capital
Where is Industry Expanding?
Where is Industry Expanding?
• Changing Distribution within MDCs
– Past- cities
– Modern- suburban/rural
• Large land areas
• Land- cheaper
Where is Industry Expanding
• U.S.
– Jobs lost in North
– Jobs expanding in S and W
• Right to work laws- “open shop” and prohibits
“closed shop”
– Closed- Everyone must join a union
New Industrial Regions
• China
– Textile, steel, apparel, household products
• Worlds supply of low cost labor and largest market
for consumer products
• Latin America
– Mexico and Brazil
New Industrial Regions
• Mexico:
– Maquiladora:
• Foreign owned plants (outsourcing)
Why? Cheap labor, export to U.S., import product
components
Located near U.S.? Ease of transportation, major
U.S. cities,
Important: inexpensive labor costs, NAFTA, weak
env. Regulations in Mexico, proximity to U.S.
markets, shift to tertiary jobs in U.S.
Reading Quiz Unit 5 Part 3
1. What is the new international division of
labor?
2. Why do companies outsource?
3. Describe the difference between Fordist
and Post-Fordist production?
Get homework out! Get video questions out!
Proximity to Skilled Labor
Fordist:
– Henry Ford
– Assigning a worker one specific task to
perform repeatedly (mass production)
Proximity to Skilled Labor
Post Fordist: Flexible production
1. Teams- how to perform tasks
2. Problem Solving- consensus
3. Leveling- no special treatment
Just-in-Time Delivery
• Parts arrive at factories just before they
are needed
• Reduces costs
• Dell and Gateway
• Problems:
– Disruptions:
• Labor unrest
• logistics
Why are Location Factor’s
Changing
• Proximity of Low-Cost Labor
– Opening places with low wage rates
– U.S.- small towns in South and North
Outsourcing
• Transnational corporations- low cost
labor in LDC
• New international division of labor
• Outsourcing– Giving responsibility for production to
independent suppliers
• Outsourcing Airplanes?
• Is outsourcing positive or negative for
America’s economy? WHY or WHY not?
• http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.ph
p?storyId=113877784
• The World is Flat 5f
– What is the benefit of outsourcing?
• The World is Flat 5g
– What types of jobs are going overseas?
India’s
Outsourcing….Outsourcing??
Article
Read the New York Time’s Article
Answer the questions that follow.
Make sure to pair up with a partner for the
last question.
Outsourcing…Works???
• Roger and Me
Proximity to Skilled Labor
Fordist:
– Henry Ford
– Assigning a worker one specific task to
perform repeatedly (mass production)
Proximity to Skilled Labor
Post Fordist: Flexible production
1. Teams- how to perform tasks
2. Problem Solving- consensus
3. Leveling- no special treatment
Just-in-Time Delivery
• Parts arrive at factories just before they
are needed
• Reduces costs
• Dell and Gateway
• Problems:
– Disruptions:
• Labor unrest
• logistics