Paradoxes of
determinism
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Freedom …
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Leucippus, Democritus
World – physical system, mathematization of world,
negation of divine providence, finality, supernatural acts,
randomness and freedom …
Nothing happens by vain but always from
certain reason (LOGOS) and necessity
(ANANKE).
Leucippus
Order of necessity - ANANKE
and its impact
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1. Absence of chance
Ignorance
... The cause of destruction of scull of bald man was eagle, that
dropped down tortoise to destroy its shell.
A 68 from Simplicius
People created image of chance to hidden their own ignorance.
B 119 from Stobaius
Higher origin of chance:
It seems to somebody that chance is some kind of
cause not apparent to human thinking. It seems to be
something divine and in higher degree superhuman.
Aristotle, Physics, II, 196,7
Chance is just, fair …
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2. nonexistence of freedom („free will“)
• No responsibility
• Fatalism
fate cause the force of necessity
In the tale The Last Judgment by Karel Čapek people are judged by
man – the judge. God is only witness, he cannot judge because he
knows all.
…“But I still don’t understand why you aren’t the
judge,” Kugler said thoughtfully.
“But why are they judging… the same people who were
judges on earth?”
“Because man belongs to man. As you see, I’m only
the witness. But the verdict is determined by man, even
in heaven. Believe me, Kugler, this is the way it should
be. Man isn’t worthy of divine judgment. He deserves
to be judged only by other men.”
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Epicurus
Parenclisis
Randomness = freedom ? (casualizm)
At the end Epicurus realised, that the aim of his way of
explanation is serenity, self-realization, and not
understanding of nature itself.
Marx K., Thesis:
„On the Differences between the Natural Philosophy of Democritus and of
Epicurus“, 1841, p. 37
Eddington, Jeans:
Parenclisis (swerving) in quantum mechanics – tychism
(Pierce)
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Stoics
Freedom – mistaken concept – voluntarity
comming from psychophysical dualism
Omipotent LOGOS
(however: causal consistency – epistemological instrument in GTR)
Roots of dualism:
Pýthagorean conception of soul
Butterfly, girl, whole person, principle of motion, principle of life,
principle of thinking, feeling, personality …
Forms:
I x world
Selfperception x perception of outer world
Pýthagoreans dualism
Soul x physical body
Platonism
Body prison for soul …
Descartes
res cogitans x res extensa
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We are free, as we can do everything we want to
do, however we are also determined, as we
must want what we want.
Plótinos, Enneady III,2(47),10
Is determinism on contradiction with freedom?
How can be people free if God in advance knows
all they will do? …
Knowledge of future do not část any necessity on
what will hapen. It is the same like with
knowledge of present things.
Boёthius, Consolidation of philosophy, 5th book
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Free will – misconception
Will is not force, but feeling I control my behaviour
Libet experiments – our brain decides what I will
do some period of time (till 7 seconds!) before I will
do my decision…
Time of latence
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Is determinism valid?
Absolute determinism x “non absolute”
Retrogradal determinism – determination of the past
Ontological definition
Is the future (of system, world) determined?
What means „determined“?
Epistemological definition
Is it possible to know the future?
“Informatic” definition of problem
Are data concerning the future presend here now?
Is is possible to get them? Gracus theorem?
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Unpossibility of Laplace daemon:
Butterfly effect
Feetback phenomenon
Relativistic limitations
Quantum mechanics (?)
Conclussion
Ontological definition indefensible
Only epistemological (meta)theory(property
of epistemological systém
All ya can do is do what you must.
Bob Dylan
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