International Organizations
4/13/2015
Nvard V. Manasian
manasian@arminco.com
The Multilateral Agreement on Investment
(MAI) was negotiated between members of
the Organization for Economic Co-operation
and Development (OECD) between 1995
and 1998. Its purpose was to develop
multilateral rules that would ensure
international investment was governed in a
more systematic and uniform way between 
states. When the first draft was leaked to the
public in 1997, it drew widespread criticism
from civil society groups and developing
countries, particularly over the possibility
that the agreement would make it difficult
to regulate foreign investors. After an
intense global campaign was waged against
the MAI by the treaty's critics, the host
nation France announced in October 1998
that it would not support the agreement,
effectively killing it due to the OECD's
consensus procedures. (Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilateral_A
greement_on_Investment)
4/13/2015
Expanding and Limiting
the Scope of Global
Governance
The international
Campaign to Ban
Landmines – human
security vs. national
security
Jody Williams received the 1997
Nobel Peace Prize for her work
with the International Campaign
to Ban Landmines (ICBL).
YouTube - Jody Williams Nobel Women's Initiative
Nvard V. Manasian
manasian@arminco.com
The dark side of the none state action is not well
documented or studied and it includes:
AGOs, such as Al Qaeda
Mafia
Drug traffickers
Paramilitary groups
International Drug Cartels
Non state actors do not hold the same powers as
the states do, but they still influence the local
and global agendas through their action and
knowing how they function is instrumental to
understanding the governance.
4/13/2015
Nvard V. Manasian
manasian@arminco.com
9/11: The other side
of the Moon



a.
b.
c.
d.
Private, voluntary, created by individuals
By 2004 more than 6500 INGOs
Varieties of NGOs:
AGOs such as FARC, ELN in Colombia and NLD in Myanmar
,
TRANGOs such as AED, Amnesty International, Freedom House,
Oxfam, etc.
GONGOs and GRINGOs such as Chinese NGOs
TSMOs and GSMs such as Greenpeace International, WFN are
INGOs nested with social movements or World Social
Movement, anarchist movements
Nvard V. Manasian
manasian@arminco.com
NGO/INGO
Trans.
Networks
and
Coalitions
Trans.
Advocacy
networks
Social
Movements
Global
Policy
Networks
Experts,
epistemic
communities
MNCs
Voluntary
Individuals
Operate at
all levels
Informal
Formal
linkages of
NGOs
Network
with a direct
promotion
of a specific
cause
Individuals
in large
groups for
major social
change
Common
policy
linked IGOs,
MNCs, gov.,
prof.
Profit
seeking
private
entities
Exp. Oxfam
Rotary
Exp. Third
World
Network,
Landmine
Survivors
Network
Exp. Al
Qaeda
ICBL
Exp.
Christian
Pentecostali
sm
Mothers of
the Plaza de
Mayo
Exp. World
Commission
on Dams
Issue or topic
related
experts,
research
institutes,
IGOs, NGOs
Exp. Global
climate,
Wildlife
4/13/2015
Nvard V. Manasian
manasian@arminco.com
Exp. Nike,
Shell, BP,
Sony




Globalization
Global Conferences witnessed the four fold
growth from 1972-2002 of the NGOs
The Communication and the WWW
The third wave of Democracy
4/13/2015
Nvard V. Manasian
manasian@arminco.com











Perform functions of governance, when the states
fail
Gather and spread information
Create and mobilize networks
Define issues for common ground
Promote new norms
Advocate change
Monitor human rights and environmental norms
Participate in Global Conferences
Enhance public participation
Distribute humanitarian aid
Implement development projects
4/13/2015
Nvard V. Manasian
manasian@arminco.com
General Status
Special Status
Roster Status
-Large INGOs engage in
many areas of ECOSOC
-Propose items for the
agenda
-Observe public
meetings of ECOSOC
and subsidiary bodies
-Submit written
statements
-Speak at ECOSOC
-Expert INGOs engage in
many areas of ECOSOC
-Propose items for the
agenda
-Observe public
meetings of ECOSOC
and subsidiary bodies
-Submit written
statements
-Speak at ECOSOC
-Small NGOs with
occasional interest of
ECOSOC activities may
consult the secretariat,
-May observe public
meetings within their
filed of interest
- may submit statements
of their competence
-May speak at functional
commission and
subsidiary bodies only
4/13/2015
Nvard V. Manasian
manasian@arminco.com
Assignment: Take a piece of paper and listen
carefully to the speaker, marking down the
words and phrases that catch your ear
Civil Society in Global Governance
4/13/2015
Nvard V. Manasian
manasian@arminco.com