Develop a Solution Plan
(Project Scheduling)
Tools of the Trade
Schedule Formats
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Gantt Charts
PERT/CPM Charts
DSM (design structure matrix)
Software:
Microsoft Project
Minuteman Project
Harvard Project
Three Phases
• Execution (preliminary design)
• Design Verification
• Conclusion (performance monitoring)
Schedule Formats
Gantt Chart
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List of project tasks
Start and stop dates
Show project status & slippage
Does not show direct interrelationships of
tasks
Schedule Formats
Gantt Chart
Schedule Formats
Gantt Chart
Schedule Formats
Gantt Chart
Schedule Formats
Gantt Chart
Schedule Formats
PERT / CPM Chart
• Program Evaluation & Review Technique
• Critical Path Method
• List of major tasks
• Shows graphically interrelated aspects
• Disadvantage is that start and end dates
are not shown.
Schedule Formats
PERT / CPM Chart
Schedule
Formats
PERT
/CPM
Chart
Schedule
Formats
PERT
/CPM
Chart
Schedule Formats
PERT / CPM Chart
Schedule Formats
PERT / CPM Chart
Schedule Formats
Design Structure Matrix Chart
• Listed order that tasks must be executed in
• Sequential dependencies
• Find tasks that are:
sequential group tasks
parallel group tasks
coupled group tasks
Design Structure Matrix Chart
sequential group tasks
Design Structure Matrix Chart
parallel group tasks
Design Structure Matrix Chart
coupled group tasks
Design Structure Matrix Chart
Schedule Formats
Bottleneck Issues
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New areas of technologies
Need new equipment or processes
Custom components
Long lead times
Accurately can project be prototyped
Outside vendor or agency
General Scheduling Procedures
• Break down to subprojects
• Determine time for each subproject
• Determine activities that must be
completed in series
• Assemble complete schedule
The Design Process
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Divide and conquer
Preliminary design issues
Enhancing creativity
The initial design
Design considerations
Circuit simulation software
Software development
Divide and Conquer
• Define the functional requirements
• List operational requirements
• Break down to subprojects
Schedule Formats
Gantt Chart
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List of project tasks
Start and stop dates
Show project status & slippage
Does not show direct interrelationships
of tasks
Divide and Conquer
• Define the functional requirements
• List operational requirements
• Break down to subprojects
Divide and Conquer
Functional Requirements
(tape recorder)
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Power on / off
Insert & eject cassette tape
Play tapes
Fast forward
Rewind
Pause
Record stop
Adjust sound levels
Divide and Conquer
Block Diagram
Enhancing creativity
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Gather information
Define the problem
Subconscious mind
List ideas in categories
Combining – modifying ideas
Edit ideas by excluding
Preliminary Design Issues
Technology Selection
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Production Costs
Volume of Manufacture
Capabilities of Manufacture
Manufacturing Cost Budget
Technology Selection
Through-Hole Technology
Technology Selection
Through-Hole Technology
• Easy to Breadboard &
Prototype
• Assembly In-house
• Easily repaired
• Larger board size
• Low volume production
Technology Selection
Surface-mount Technology
Technology Selection
Surface-mount Technology
• Small board size
• Low assembly costs
• Need special assembly
equipment
• High volume production
• Power dissipation ?
Enhancing creativity
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Gather information
Define the problem
Subconscious mind
List ideas in categories
Combining – modifying ideas
Edit ideas by excluding
Design Considerations
Block diagram / function
Design Considerations
Circuit Solutions
Enhancing creativity
Design Considerations
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Ambient temperature
EMI Immunity
Shielding
Grounding
Impedance matching
Physical orientation
Generated EMI Levels
Design Considerations
Grounding
Design Considerations
Grounding
Design Considerations
Grounding
Isolation
Concept Selection
Selection Matrix
(Pugh concept selection method)
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Prepare the selection matrix
Rate the concepts
Rank the concepts
Combine & improve the concept
Select one concept
Reflect on results
Selection Matrix
Selection
Matrix
Power
Source
Circuit Simulation Software
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Type of analysis available
Functional complexity and ease of use
Ability to output schematic to PCB
Number devices available
Allowable circuit complexity
Circuit Simulation Software
Analysis
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DC Sweep
AC Sweep
Transient
Fourier
Noise
Distortion
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Sensitivity
Temperature sweep
Parameter
Transfer function
Worst-Case
Monte Carlo
Software Design
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Meet functional objectives
Operate reliably
Small memory space
Operate fast as possible
Software Design
Flow Charts
Software Design
Flow Charts
Define the Problem
• Study the problem and list as many facts
as possible to fully define the problem
• Completing the design specifications
• Set Objectives
• Outcome is a set of specifications
Develop Design Specifications
Define the Problem
• Specifications are a formal document
listing the requirements of a project
• Define details that must be met
• Can be used as a guide in future projects
• Market Specifications
Develop Design Specifications
Specification Format
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General description
Performance
Power requirements
Packaging
Environmental
Operation
Project and production cost
Agency approvals
Special requirements
Develop Design Specifications
Packaging
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Mechanical size limits
Environmental rating
Shape
Material
Human engineering aspects
Develop Design Specifications
Environmental
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Ambient temperature
Humidity
Vibration
Shock
Electromagnetic interference (EMI)
– Immunity
– emissions
Develop Design Specifications
Manufacturing Cost Goal
• Total cost of purchased parts
• Labor cost to manufacture
• Manufacturing overhead
• The projected costs should be stated at
the volume of manufacture for the costs
Develop Design Specifications
Software
• Outline of the planned method of software
operation
• All operations that involve the end user
• All operations that involve the hardware
• Flow charts ( top level )
• Flow charts ( sublevel operations )