Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Florida Benchmarks
• SC.6.L.14.5 Identify and investigate the general
functions of the major systems of the human body
(digestive, respiratory, circulatory, reproductive,
excretory, immune, nervous, and musculoskeletal)
and describe ways these systems interact with
each other to maintain homeostasis.
• HE.6.C.1.4 Recognize how heredity can affect
personal health.
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Florida Benchmarks
• HE.6.C.1.8 Explain how body systems are
impacted by hereditary factors and infectious
agents.
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Brainiac!
What is the function of the nervous
system?
• The nervous system is made up of the
structures that control actions and reactions of the
body in response to stimuli in the environment.
• The nervous system has two parts: the central
nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous
system (PNS).
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What is the function of the nervous
system?
• The CNS is made up of the brain and spinal cord.
• The brain is the body’s central command organ.
• The spinal cord allows the brain to communicate
with the rest of the body.
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What is the function of the nervous
system?
• The PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the body.
• Involuntary processes are those you have no
control over, such as your heart beating.
• Voluntary processes are actions your brain can
control, such as moving an arm or leg.
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What are the parts of the CNS?
• The CNS is made up of the brain and the spinal
cord.
• The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It is
where you think, solve problems, and store
memories.
• The cerebrum controls voluntary movements and
processes information from your senses.
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What are the parts of the CNS?
• The cerebellum processes information from your
body, keeps track of body position, and
coordinates movements.
• The brain stem connects your brain to the spinal
cord.
• A part of the brain stem called the medulla
controls involuntary processes in the body.
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What are the parts of the CNS?
• Describe the part of the brain that made one
activity that you did today possible.
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What are the parts of the CNS?
• The spinal cord is a bundle of nerves protected by
bones called vertebrae.
• Nerves are a collection of nerve-cell extensions
bundled together with blood vessels and
connective tissue.
• The spinal cord carries messages to and from the
brain.
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
You’ve Got Nerves!
How do signals move through the
nervous system?
• The nervous system translates environmental
information into electrical signals.
• A neuron is a special cell that moves messages in
the form of fast-moving electrical energy. These
messages are called impulses.
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
How do signals move through the
nervous system?
• Signals move through the CNS and PNS with the
help of glial cells that protect and support
neurons.
• Sensory neurons gather information from in and
around your body and move it to the brain.
• Motor neurons move impulses from the brain and
spinal cord to other parts of the body.
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What are the parts of a neuron?
• The cell body of a neuron has a nucleus and
organelles.
• A dendrite is a typically short, branched
extension of the cell body.
• The cell body gathers information from dendrites
and creates an impulse.
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What are the parts of a neuron?
• An axon is an extension of the neuron that carries
impulses away from the cell body.
• A neuron has only one axon.
• At the end of the axon is the axon terminal that
changes the electrical signal to a chemical signal,
or neurotransmitter.
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What are the parts of a neuron?
• How is a message transformed from an electrical
message to a chemical message in a neuron?
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
That Makes Sense!
What are the main senses?
• The sensory organs sense the environment around
you.
• Sight allows you to see objects, motion, and light.
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
That Makes Sense!
What are the main senses?
• The main parts of the eye include the cornea,
pupil, retina, and rods and cones.
• Light-sensitive receptors in the retina change light
into electrical impulses that are sent to the brain.
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What are the main senses?
• Impulses travel to your brain, creating an
awareness of touch called a sensation.
• Hearing happens when sound-wave vibrations are
turned into electrical impulses in the ear.
• Sound is funneled through the outer ear, making
the eardrum vibrate.
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What are the main senses?
• Tiny bones in the ear vibrate, causing the fluid in
the cochlea to move in waves.
• Hair cells in the fluid causes neurons to send
electrical impulses to the brain via the auditory
nerve.
• Taste cells in the mouth and olfactory cells in the
nose send signals to the brain for processing taste
and smell.
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Keep Your Cool!
What is the function of the endocrine
system?
• The endocrine system controls body functions
and helps maintain homeostasis by using
hormones.
• A hormone is a chemical messenger made in one
cell or tissue that causes a change in another cell
or tissue elsewhere in the body.
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
How do hormones work?
• Hormones are produced by endocrine glands or
tissues and travel through the bloodstream.
• A gland is a group of cells that make special
chemicals in your body.
• Hormones only affect specific target cells that
have a specific receptor to that hormone.
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What glands make up the endocrine
system?
• The pituitary gland secretes hormones that control
other glands.
• The hypothalamus controls the release of
hormones from the pituitary gland.
• The pineal gland makes hormones that control
sleep, aging, reproduction, and body temperature.
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What glands make up the endocrine
system?
• The thyroid gland controls metabolism.
• The parathyroid gland controls calcium in the blood.
• Reproductive hormones control reproduction.
• The pancreas regulates blood-sugar levels.
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Feedback
How are hormone levels controlled?
• The endocrine system helps maintain homeostasis
by increasing or decreasing hormone levels.
• The endocrine system uses feedback to maintain
homeostasis.
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
How are hormone levels controlled?
• A feedback mechanism is a cycle of events in
which information from one step controls or
affects a previous step.
• In negative feedback, the effects of a hormone
cause the release of that hormone to be turned
down.
• In positive feedback, the effects of a hormone
stimulate the release of more of that hormone.
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Unit 3 Lesson 5 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
What are disorders of the endocrine
and nervous systems?
• Hormone imbalances can happen when the
endocrine system makes too much or too little of
a hormone.
• Type 1 diabetes is caused by a hormone
imbalance.
• Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and spinalcord injuries are disorders of the nervous system.
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