2011 International Wind Diesel Conference
Electric Vehicles in
SmartGrids
Jito Coleman
TDX Power
2011 International Wind Diesel Conference
WHY EV?
• Efficient transportation
• Renewables displace fuel
• Good for SmartGrids
– Dispatchable Load
– Electrical Storage
• EVs are comings
– Light duty cars and trucks
– 4 wheelers
– Snowmobiles ?
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2011 International Wind Diesel Conference
EV Mileage
20 KWH Battery 70 mile range:
EV or PHEV
- Light Duty Fleet
- 3.5 miles / kwh
Diesel Genset
- 12-15 kwh / gallon
mpg
2/10 kW Charger
Vehicle Mileage
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
EV equivalent mileage
40 - 50 mpg
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STANDARD
EV OR PHEV
2011 International Wind Diesel Conference
Electric 4-Wheelers
Mfgr
Vehicle
Type
Wheels Miles
Lbs
Type
Drive Range Weight Battery
miles
lbs
Volts
Doran
EVS
Zap
Barefoot
e-ATV
e.Force
Dude
EUV
ATV
ATV
ATV
ATV
2
Rear
Rear
2 or 4
35
20
25
40
540
624
707
820
Flooded
NiMH
AGM
Lithium
36
72
48
80
Ruff& Tuff
X-Treme
GEM
Bad Boy
Polaris
RTEV
XU-3000
eL XD
Buggy
Ranger
UTV
UTV
NEV
UTV
UTV
2
2
2
4
4
30
35
40
25
50
1330
1360
1550
1600
1700
AGM
AGM
AGM
AGM
Flooded
48
48
72
48
48
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2011 International Wind Diesel Conference
Electric 4 Wheeler on St. Paul
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2011 International Wind Diesel Conference
EV Battery Needs
• Opportunistic Charging
– Slow charging immediately after use
– Key to battery life
• Dual Rate Charging
High - 240 V 2 hours
Slow - 120 V 12 hours
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2011 International Wind Diesel Conference
EV Value in SmartGrids
• Dispatchable Load
• Energy Storage
Stability Seconds
Spinning Reserve - Minutes
Load Shifting Hours
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2011 International Wind Diesel Conference
Dispatchable Load Value
• EPRI: 75% battery value for SmartGrids
is as dispatchable load.
Requires
• Standard on-board vehicle chargers
• Controlled charger sites
– Communications
or
– Frequency Control at site
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2011 International Wind Diesel Conference
Electrical Storage
• Stability and Spinning Reserve
– Bi-Directional Charger (Not Main stream)
– Remote control
– Battery life issues
– Secondary
• Number of EV’s plugged in
• State of battery charge
• User preferences
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2011 International Wind Diesel Conference
Electrical Storage
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Kempton et al U of Delaware
2011 International Wind Diesel Conference
Electrical Storage
• Load Shifting
– Bi-directional charger
– 50% of value as dispatchable load
– Bigger battery life issue
– Smaller value proposition
– Bigger social issue
3/8/11
2011 International Wind Diesel Conference
Questions for Isolated Grids
• Can they leverage higher renewable
contribution?
• How will they compare to batteries,
flywheels, ultra caps ?
• Is there financial leverage?
• What impact from social issues?
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