Multinational Planning Augmentation Team
(MPAT TE-2)
Staff Planning Workshop
MNF / CTF
Humanitarian Assistance and
Disaster Relief Operations
Overview
Purpose
Broad introduction of Civil Affairs Considerations in
Humanitarian Assistance Operations
I
Terminology
II
The Players
III
US Organizations
IV
NGOs/IO
V
Transition to
a Non Military
Effort
UN
DOS/EMB
VI
VI
COA
Development
OFDA/DART
NGOs
Military
Perspectives on Multinational Operations
“Allies are the most aggravating of people. They
are so difficult to understand, so unreasonable; they
approach quite straightforward problems from such
extraordinary angles. Even when one agrees with them
on common objectives their methods towards obtaining
them are so queer, so very queer. They even introduce
consideration of their own national politics and
hangovers from their past history, none of which have
the faintest bearing on the matter of immediate issue.
Their most annoying characteristic, however, is that
among all the arguing and haggling is the astonishing
way they seem quite incapable of recognizing how
sound, how wise, how experienced are our views; how
fair, indeed how generous, how big hearted we are..”
Field Marshall William Slim
Humanitarian Assistance Operations
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Provide Comfort - Turkey/N. Iraq (HA)
Sea Angel I & II - Bangladesh (HA)
Fiery Vigil - Philippines (HA)
Guantanamo/Panama-- Haitian Refugees (HA)
Provide Hope - Former Soviet Union (HA)
Provide Relief - Kenya/Somalia (HA)
Restore Hope - Somalia (HA)
Provide Promise - Former Yugoslavia (HA)
Pacific Haven - Guam (HA)
East Timor (PO / HA)
Earthquake Relief - India (HA)
TYPES OF HA OPERATIONS
COMPLEXITY
UN
Unilateral
TYPES OF OPERATIONS
HA/DR RESPONDERS
HOST-NATION
GOVERNMENT
UNITED
NATIONS
IO
s
INTERNATIONAL ORGs
(INT’L RED CROSS)
NGO’s/PVO’s
Non-Governmental/
Private Volunteer Orgs
MNF /
CTF
OFDA
OFFICE OF FOREIGN DISASTER
ASSISTANCE SUPPORT
EMBASSIES
Ambassadors/Chiefs of Mission
Responsible for Overall Direction,
Coordination, and Supervision of
Supporting Government Activities
in the Host Country
Responsible for Successful
Completion of the HA/DR and
Safety of their Government’s
Citizens
For the US: State Department =
Lead Federal Agency for HA
Ambassadors/Chief of Missions
The Ambassador Is Not in the Military
Chain of Command but a US JTF/CTF
Commander Will Fully Support the
Ambassador’s Plans and Cooperate
With Lead Federal Agency / DOS and
Embassy Personnel, Without
Compromising Mission Requirements
Pg I-6 and II-3, JP 3-07.5
NGO / PVO RELATIONSHIP
TO THE MNF / CTF
“What’s the relationship between a justarrived military force and the NGOs and
PVOs that might have been working in a
crisis-torn area all along? What we have is
a partnership. If you are successful, they
are successful; and if they are successful,
you are successful. We need each other.”
GEN J. M. Shalikashvili, CJCS
MNF / CTF COMMANDER

Responsible for all phases of the
military operation

Provides short-term assistance

Provides military assistance to
Governmental and Non-governmental
agencies

Capacity Building

Establishes Liaison teams

Orchestrates the transition of
responsibilities to other agencies
Civil Military Operations Center
(CMOC)

Coordination Center
–
–
–


Humanitarian Operations Coordinating Center (HOCC)
Humanitarian Assistance Coordinating Center (HACC)
Civil Military Coordination Center (CMCC)
Composite force, multinational
Provides a centralized location for coordinating
military support to non-military organizations
InterAction
CARE
Doctors of
the World
Red Cross
ICRC
OFDA / DART
NGOs &
PVOs
Intl Rescue
Committee
CMOC
USG
Agencies
Save the
Children
UN
Children’s
Fund
Country Team
Dept of
Peacekeeping
Operations
World Food
Programme
High
Commissioner
for Refugees
Requests for Assistance
 Non-military
organizations submit
requests for Assistance (RFA) to CMOC
 CMOC validates requirements (w/ HN,
UNOCHA, OFDA)
 CMOC forwards validated requirements to
military commander for approval
 Approved RFAs tasked to units by CTF C3
 CMOC provides venue to coordinate
execution between military and nonmilitary organizations
OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
UNCERTAIN
PERMISSIVE
MNF/
CTF
HOSTILE
OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

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Permissive: Little or no threat to military forces. Normally
associated with Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief operation r
Common purpose
– Quantifiable problem
– Clear objectives
– Host Nation cooperation
Uncertain: Host Nation government does have total and effective
control over the territory and population in the Area of Operations
Hostile: range from civil disorder or terrorist actions to full-scale
combat
– Multiple conflicting parties
– Imminent danger to all parties
– Relief effort may be manipulated by combatants for political gain
– Potential for relief to be used by combatants
TRANSITION PLANNING
FUNCTIONS
AND RESPONSIBILITIES
TRANSITION CRITERIA
FISCAL GUIDANCE
TRANSITION PLAN
TRANSITION
AND / OR
TERMINATION
COA DEVELOPMENT STEPS--HA / DR
1. Coordinate with HA Partners (Host
Nation, UN, IO, NGO/PVOs, Lead
Government Agencies, etc.)
2. Determine threat / operational
environment(s)
3. Analyze force capabilities
4. Array force capabilities (HA, security,
medical, transportation, etc.)
5. Develop scheme of maneuver
6. Determine C2 means and maneuver
control measures
7. Prepare COA statement and sketch
8. Prepare staff estimates
HA / DR DISCUSSION ITEMS

Symbology and maps- Depiction of non-military
operations

What is the role of traditional Intel in support of HA/DR

The role of PSYOP and CA

Operational Environment/Force Protection
Lessons Learned (Cont’d)

Each operation differs- No universal doctrine & SOPs

Plan inclusively- include non-military players

Know the HA partners and how they support the
mission

Understand the media: Objectives; scope of
assistance; military endstate

Don’t underestimate people’s coping skills