Paraphrasing
What is it?
 Putting something in your own words
 can be the shorter, the same length or longer than
the original
 goal is not to shorten the original; goal is to
restate it in your own words
Do you have to cite a paraphrase?
 Yes – you are still using someone else’s ideas
Paraphrasing is useful

It keeps you from quoting too much
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You have to think about what you are
reading so you have a better understanding
of what you are reading (studying)
Practice
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Of the more than 1000 bicycling deaths each
year, three-fourths are caused by head injuries.
Half of those killed are school-age children. One
study concluded that wearing a bike helmet can
reduce the risk of head injury by 85 percent. In an
accident, a bike helmet absorbs the shock and
cushions the head. From "Bike Helmets: Unused
Lifesavers," Consumer Reports (May 1990): 348.
Suggested Response

Each year there are 1000 deaths in biking
accidents. Head injuries cause 75% of these
deaths. Children from 6 to 16 make up 50%
of those deaths. Wearing a bike helmet,
according to one questionnaire, can reduce
head injuries significantly. The helmet acts
like a sponge or pillow and protects the head
from shock.
Summarizing
What is it?
 Once again, you are putting the original into your
own words.
 In addition, your goal is to shorten it significantly
by concentrating only on the main points.
 Shorten the original by 2/3
Do you have to cite a summary of something?
 Yes – you are still using someone else’s ideas
Try these . . .
An ignoramus and his/her lucre are readily disjoined.

A fool and his/her money are soon parted.
In the absence of the feline race, certain small rodents will give themselves up to various pleasurable
pastimes.

When the cat’s away, the mice will play.
A plethora of culinary specialists vitiate the liquid in which a variety of nutritional substances have
been simmered.

Too many cooks spoil the broth.
Impetuous celebrity engenders a purposeless spoilage.

Haste makes waste.
A winged and feathered animal in the digital limb is as valuable as duet in the shrubbery.

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
The warm-blooded class aves who is governed by promptitude can apprehend the small, elongated,
and slender creeping animal.

The early bird catches the worm.
Provide the privilege of affranchisement, or I will feel that life is not worth living.

Give me liberty or give me death.
A condition characterized by tariness is more desirable than one that is systemiatically marked by
eternal absenteeism.

Better late than never.
Quote
What is it?
 You are quoting something if you copy
exactly what another person has written or
said
 A quote must be identical to the original
 A quote is a small part of the original
Do you have to cite a quotation?
 Absolutely – always – you are using
someone’s exact words
How do you type a quote?
When he uses the words, “In Birmingham they
love the governor” (Metro Lyrics, 2011), Lynyrd
Skynyrd is referring to Alabama Governor George
Wallace.
Or
It can be argued that “the ultimate irony of "Sweet
Home Alabama" is that for so many, the song's
implied put down of Neil Young was NOT meant
as criticism but as support of Young's antiracism”(Thrasher’s Wheat, n.d.).
Plagiarism

If you copy someone’s words or ideas
without giving them credit (using them as
your own), this is plagiarism
How to avoid plagiarism
Cite your sources
 Use APA Citation
 In your text
 On a separate reference page

What should you cite to avoid
plagiarism?
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Direct quotes
Summaries
Paraphrases
Videos
Movies
Music
Art (clip art, photos)
News articles
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Graphs
Charts
Cartoons
As you research for your
project…
Always write down your sources for:
 Books
 Pictures
 Photos
 Articles
 Web pages
 Recipes
 Videos
 Songs
 Movies
 Graphs
 Surveys
 charts
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What should you write down?
 Title of book
 Title of article
 Author’s name(s)
 Date published/written
 Type of sources – i.e. movie,
video, website, map, photo
 Published
 url
 Date url last updated
 City of publication
 Page numbers