More perspective
Using Linear and atmospheric
perspective
Perspective – the illusion that
an image has depth and 3dimensional space (volume)
VERTICAL PLACEMENT
& OVERLAPPING
INTERPRETED AS 3 RECTANGLES
RELATIVE SIZE
SASSETTA
The Meeting of St.
Anthony and St. Paul
about 1440
Wood
NO
PERSPECTIVE
Perspective was
a concept that
had to be
developed.
Cimabue, Madonna
Enthroned, 1280-90
Now we see
perspective, and it
looks real… with the
exception of the
“adult/baby”
There were suggestions
of perspective in a Gothic
era work.
However, perspective is a
major development of
the Renaissance.
GIOTTO
Madonna in Glory
c. 1311
Tempera on panel
128 x 90 1/2 in.
Judging by the Eye
Giotto introduced a new
kind of realism by creating
convincing spatial
arrangements.
He angled the building,
removing side walls to
reveal the cubic interior.
Giotto. Birth of the Virgin Mary (1320s).
Fresco.
When using
atmospheric
perspective…
• hues more
bluish & more
pale
• outlines less
precise
• small details
lost
• color contrasts
muted
• gradual
transition
Atmospheric Perspective,
rewind!
Objects CLOSER
Objects FARTHER
• Appear lower on the
page
• Overlap- In front of
• Are larger
• Brighter colors
• Darker value
• More contrasts
• More Details
• Appear higher on the
page
• Overlap-behind
• Are smaller
• Duller colors
• Lighter value
• Faint/fuzzy lines
• Very few or not details
LINEAR PERSPECTIVE
Vanishing
point
One point; central
What is Linear Perspective?
A system for representing
three-dimensional space
on a two-dimensional flat
surface.
• It was developed in
Florence in the early
15th century by Filippo
Brunelleschi and Leon
Batista Alberti
Application of Linear Perspective
Brunelleschi's proposal drawing of the
interior of Santo Spirito (1543)
Interior of Brunelleschi's Santo Spirito
Normal Viewpoint
High Viewpoint
Low Viewpoint
Use lines to
show the
illusion of
depth.
Receding lines (going
back into space) meet
at the vanishing point
The vertical and
horizontal lines are
parallel to the edge of
the paper
The Vanishing Point does not have to
be right in the Center of the Paper
1-point Linear Perspective: parallel lines appearing to
converge in distance
1-point Linear Perspective: parallel lines appearing to
converge in distance
Click here to activate orthogonals:
Review orthogonals:
Leonardo da Vinci’s Explorations
The Last Supper (1497). Fresco.
Leonardo da Vinci, Last Supper, c.1495-98
Milan, Sta. Maria della Grazie
Raphael, The School of Athens, 1510-11
Vatican Palace, Stanza della Segnatura
Raphael, The School of Athens, 1510-11
Vatican Palace, Stanza della Segnatura
Atmospheric Perspective (in addition to 1 - pt. Perspective)
Perugino, Christ Delivering the Keys to St. Peter, c.1481
Sistine Chapel, Vatican
Atmospheric Perspective (in addition to 1 - pt. Perspective)
Perugino, Christ Delivering the Keys to St. Peter, c.1481
Sistine Chapel, Vatican
Canaletto (Giovanni Antonio Canal), The Campo di Rialto
c. 1758-63 Oil on canvas, 46 7/16 x 72 1/2 in
Canaletto (Giovanni Antonio Canal), The Campo di Rialto
c. 1758-63 Oil on canvas, 46 7/16 x 72 1/2 in
The vanishing point comes from below?
The vanishing point and
perspective is constructed
according to the upward
gaze of an observer
standing directly below.
Andrea Mantegna. From The Painted
Room (1465-74). Fresco.
With practice
you can create
any of the things
you have just
seen.
We will start
out easy…