The Industrial Revolution
Timeline of the Industrial
Revolution
1848 – Marx’s
James Watt’s
Steam engine Communist Manifesto
New tools begin
Agricultural rev
1740 1760
1780
Car invented
In Germany
1st railroad
(in England)
1800
1820
1840
1860
1880
1845- Irish
Potato
Famine
1859 – Darwin’s
Origin of Species
1900
1920
1st airplane
The Agricultural Revolution
 Agricultural Revolution: a
food was produced
change in the way
CHANGES
Enclosed Fields – split up
and organized farms
Crop Rotation – more
harvested per field
CHANGES
Better animal breeding –
more food per animal
New machinery – fewer
workers needed
RESULTS
 Much more food produced with fewer
workers
 (Fewer
farm jobs)
 Population grew
Industrial Revolution: A change in the way
things were made
DOMESTIC SYSTEM
 Making products:
 At home
 By hand
 One person/family
FACTORY SYSTEM
 Making products:
 In a factory
 By machine
 Many people
What a Nation needs
to have Industry
 Capital ($ for investment)
 Labor force (workers)
 Transportation system (materials and products)
 Raw materials (especially coal, iron, & cotton)
 Market (a place to sell products)
Great Britain had ALL of these things!
How Industrialization
Effected Society
URBANIZATION
People moving into cities too quickly
 Overcrowding
 Unsafe living conditions
How the Other Half Lives
Working Conditions
 Child labor: Factory owners used kids as young as 5





because you could pay them less
Long hours: 12-16 hour days
Dangerous conditions: unsafe
machinery & buildings
passages
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JPmVBxsTa8&
feature=related
Changing Social Roles
 Women:
 either run the household or work
long hours for less pay than men
 Family:
 Working class families suffered;
middle class families improved
 Children:
 Unhealthy, worked in unsafe
conditions
Transportation
 Greatly improved
 Canals and railroads built
 Steam engine increased speed
Reactions to the
Industrial Revolution
Reactions to the
Industrial Revolution
Liberals
Conservatives
 Want changes
 Want stability (no change)
 New republics
 Old monarchies
 Laissez-faire economy
 Nobles control economy
Adam Smith
 Wrote The Wealth of
Nations
 “Laissez-Faire”
 Government hands off of
business
Thomas Malthus
 Believed population was
increasing faster than
food supply
 Said solution was to let
the poor starve
Charles Darwin
 Wrote The Origin of
Species
 Theory of Evolution
 Natural selection –
survival of the fittest
Social Darwinism
 Said the rich and
powerful are the “fittest”
 Used to justify racism
 Used as an excuse to take
advantage of working
class, weak nations
Socialism – economic system in which society
owns business & everyone shares work and profits
Utopian Socialism
Marxist Socialism
 Everyone shares
 Started by Karl Marx
everything
 Goal  Peace and
equality
 Workers of the world
unite and violently
overthrow the middle
class (bourgeoisie)
 Goal  end capitalism,
create classless society
The Arts
Romanticism
 Late 1700s
 Emotion, not
reason
 Ex. Beautiful
landscapes
Realism
 Early 1800s
 Show the world
as it really was
 Ex. Dicken’s
novels
Impressionism
 Late 1800s
 Anti-realism
 Ex. Monet
Attempts to
Reform Society
Attempts to Reform Society
Sadler Report
Education
 Report on Child labor
 Public schools created
 Led to child labor laws
 Get kids out of factories
Suffrage
 Means the right to vote
 Extended to all men,
then women
Labor Legislation
 Safety conditions: less hours, safer machines
 Women and children: less hours, safer work
 Trade Unions: created to protect workers, used
strikes and protests
Global Migrations
CAUSES
Social Causes
 Population growth (cities too crowded)
 Poor living conditions
 Poor working situations
Political Causes
 People were leaving monarchies and wanting
democracy
Improved Transportation
 Expanded the search for raw materials
 Search out new markets
EXAMPLES of migration
 Europeans go to
America for opportunity
 Irish come to America
due to potato famine
Essential Questions
1. How did the Agricultural Revolution support the
Industrial Revolution?
More food  able to feed cities; less work on farms
2. How can the Industrial Revolution be considered
the major turning point in history?
Huge population increase; transportation inventions;
new reforms
3. How did the abuses of the Industrial Revolution
lead to the competing ideologies for social change?
Ideologies compete to solve social problems
Liberal vs. Conservative
Capitalism vs. Socialism
Essential Questions
4.
Compare and Contrast the ideas of Adam Smith and Karl Marx?
Capitalism – Adam Smith
Definition
Supporting
Theory
Role of the
Government
Who owns
the means of
production
(factories &
farms)
Socialism – Karl Marx