Lesson Goals
Define antonym and synonym.
Recognize pairs of words as antonyms or
synonyms.
Apply your knowledge to complete analogies
using synonyms and antonyms.
SPIs
Review 3rd Grade SPI
SPI 0301.1.17 Select appropriate synonyms and antonyms
within context.
4th Grade SPIs
SPI 0401.1.12 Select appropriate antonyms, synonyms, and
homonyms within context.
SPI 0401.5.4 Choose a logical word to complete an analogy
using synonyms and antonyms.
Prerequisite for 5th Grade SPI
SPI 0501.5.5 Select a logical word to complete an analogy
using synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, categories, and
subcategories.
Assessment
At the end of this lesson, you will be given a
multiple choice quiz taken from the TCAP
practice and sample items in which you must
complete analogies.
Throughout the year, we
will review analogies
through:
 Morning Review
 Comprehension Reading
Quizzes
 TCAP Coach
 Limelight Test
Essential Questions
What are analogies and why are they used?
The Lesson
Today we will complete three activities with analogies
including:
1. Review synonyms and antonyms using response cards
and dry erase boards.
2. Play the game “Kick Me”.
3. Group Choice Writing Activity:
1.
2.
3.
Create a page for a Class Analogy Book in which the
group creates and illustrates an analogy.
Write and illustrate a situation analogy.
Compose an analogy poem.
Hook
BrainPop
http://www.brainpop.com/english/grammar/
antonymssynonymsandhomonyms/
Real World
Analogies are an important part of learning vocabulary.
Most standardized tests, including the TCAP, SAT, and
ACT, use analogies to test vocabulary.
Real World
You may discover new ways to use things (e.g.,
using a broomstick as a pretend horse) and make
broader comparisons between things. This can
help expand your creativity.
Do you like
solving
crossword
puzzles? Some
newspapers
combine the two.
Figuring out
analogies is a fun
form of
entertainment.
Real World
Many writers use analogies in their
essays to explain relationships.
For example:
Growing up is like learning to ride a
bike. When you are very young you
must have a lot of help from your
parents, just like a beginning bike
rider needs training wheels.
th
4
Grade SPIs
SPI 0401.1.12 Select appropriate antonyms, synonyms,
and homonyms within context.
SPI 0401.5.4 Choose a logical word to complete an
analogy using synonyms and antonyms.
Activity 1 - Review synonyms and antonyms.
Activity 1 - Review synonyms
and antonyms.
hero
villain
opposites or antonyms
twin
same
or
identical
synonyms
Synonym
 Synonyms are words that have the same or nearly
the same meaning.
Example
scary
spooky
frightening
eerie
Antonym
 Antonyms are words with opposite meanings.
Example
big - little
Response Cards
Instructions
 Determine if each pair of words are synonyms or
antonyms. Use your response cards to show your answer.
synonyms
antonyms
early
late
antonyms
smooth rough
antonyms
near
close
synonyms
full
empty
antonyms
large
giant
synonyms
Dry Erase Boards
Instructions
Write A, B, or C on your dry erase board to
answer the following questions.
B
Which of the following is the
antonym for invisible?
A. visible
B. transparent
C. outer
A. visible
B. transparent
C. outer
Which of the following is the
synonym for crowded?
A. empty
B. deserted
C. packed
A. empty
B. deserted
C. packed
Which of the following is the
antonym for uneasy?
A. anxious
B. nervous
C. comfortable
A. anxious
B. nervous
C. comfortable
Which of the following is the
antonym for arrive?
A. depart
B. come
C. entry
A. depart
B. come
C. entry
Which of the following is the
synonym for artificial?
A. real
B. man-made
C. natural
A. real
B. man-made
C. natural
Activity 2 - Analogies
Analogy is just a term that means "word relationships".
Start by determining if the first pair of words are
antonyms or synonyms. Then add a word that has the
same relationship.
Open is to closed as near is to ______
.
far
The pairs of words in this analogy are __________.
antonyms
(synonyms, antonyms)
Tired is to sleepy as happy is to ____________.
cheerful
The pairs of words in this analogy are synonyms
__________.
(synonyms, antonyms)
On is to off as fast is to ____________.
slow
The pairs of words in this analogy are __________.
antonyms
(synonyms, antonyms)
Analogies are sometimes formatted as follows:
[word 1] : [word 2] : : [word 3] : [word 4]
In this analogy format, : reads "is to" and : : reads "as"
This means that
sour : vinegary : : sweet : syrupy
sour is to vinegary as sweet is to syrupy
You are the teacher.
Pretend you are the teacher. Turn to your partner and ask
a question about this part of the lesson.
Kick Me Instructions
The “kick me” activity is based on the prank of placing a
note on someone’s back that says, “kick me.” A word will
be placed on each of your backs.
Kick Me Instructions
You will be given a list of analogies with one missing
word. (Notice that the words used to form the
analogies come from your vocabulary words in all
subjects including: reading, math, science, and
social studies.) You must analyze the relationship of
the first pair of words, and then find the missing word
on a classmate’s back. Even if you know a word that will
make sense in the analogy, you must find the exact word
on a classmate’s back before writing it on your sheet.
Kick Me Instructions
You may work individually or in pairs; however, you
must find a partner quickly because you will have a time
limit of 10 minutes to complete this activity.
Read the first rule of “Kick Me.”
Absolutely no kicking.
Mercury : Venus ::
icy : freezing
metamorphosis : change ::
multiple : times
soft : loud ::
slow : quick
predator : hunter ::
large : huge
smart : intelligent ::
sly : sneaky
dishonest : honest ::
always : never
Native American :
American Indian ::
ancient : old
frontier : city ::
add : subtract
agree : disagree ::
bottom : top
industry : business ::
argue : squabble
guess : estimate ::
huge : gigantic
tired : energetic ::
sink : float
windy : calm ::
freedom : control
economy : financial system ::
fast : speedy
unusual : odd ::
take away :
happy : unhappy ::
soaked : dry
friend : enemy ::
bright : dim
remember : forget::
illness : sickness
delicious : yummy ::
draw : sketch
multiply : divide ::
need : want
Cherokee :Creek ::
Aztec : Mayan
Columbus : explorer ::
Quaker : colonist
subtract
th
4
Grade SPIs
SPI 0401.1.12 Select appropriate antonyms, synonyms,
and homonyms within context.
SPI 0401.5.4 Choose a logical word to complete an
analogy using synonyms and antonyms.
Activity 3 - Groups
In a moment you will work in groups of four to create your
own analogy. Groups will be given three choices of activities.
When you reach your group you must set group goals by:
1. Voting on the activity you wish to complete.
2. Assigning activity parts to each person in the group.
(Note, this is not group roles, but who will complete each
task.)
Activity 3 - Groups
Remember your Group Roles
 Leader (Gets the group started on assignments.)
 Reporter (Reports to the class.)
 Recorder (Writes down information.)
 Timekeeper (Reminds members of the time.)
Choice 1 – Creative Thinking
Create a Page for a Class Analogy Book
The group leader will ask the group to decide if the group
wants the word pairs to be synonyms or antonyms. The
recorder must write down the analogy for the group to refer
to during this activity. Each member of the group will
complete one page. You will share these with the class when
finished. The reporter will organize how the group will share
their analogy. The timekeeper will make sure the
assignment is completed within the 15 minute time limit.
up
down
frown
smile
Good Examples
enchanted
magic
few
many
feline
mountain
cat
valley
Use your pinch card to show which
analogy is better.
1.
detective
inspector
teacher
professor
2.
car
go
world
earth
Choice 2 – Practical Thinking
Write and illustrate a situation analogy.
Create your analogy, using "like" to connect the two situations.
Example
After taking that test, I feel like a prisoner strapped into an electric
chair waiting for the pardon to arrive.
Be specific about the similarities between the situations or things.
Group Roles
The group leader will ask for ideas from the other group
members of situations they have experienced that
caused strong feelings. The recorder must write down
the best ideas. The leader will organize a vote to
determine which situation the group wants to use for the
finished product. The reporter will bring the idea to the
teacher to type the sentence. If time allows, group
members will find clipart to illustrate the analogy. The
timekeeper will make sure the assignment is
completed within the 15 minute time limit.
Good Examples
1.
Writing the research paper was like sky diving from
Grandfather Mountain.
2. Traveling on the school bus to Abingdon was like
riding on a sailboat during a hurricane.
Use your pinch card to show which
analogy is better.
1.
The cautious student was slowly going through the
work like a toddler taking his first steps.
2. What goes up must come down like the stock
market.
Choice 3 – Creative Thinking
Write an analogy poem.
An Analogy Poem
Ill is to sick as shiny is to glitter.
Occupation is to job as cold is to bitter.
Choice 3 – Creative Thinking
Good Examples
In is to out as up is to down.
Large is to huge as city is town.
Laugh is to cry as smile is to frown.
Left is to right as hat is to crown.
Group Roles
The group leader will encourage each group member to
create one verse (containing at least 2 lines) for a group
poem. The recorder will bring the completed verses to
be typed. The reporter will organize how the poem will
be shared with the class. The timekeeper will make sure
the assignment is completed within the 15 minute time
limit. (Note, if time allows you may illustrate the poem.)
Use your pinch card to show which
analogy poem is better.
1.
My Analogy Poem
Black is to white as tic is to tack.
Up is to down as front is to back.
2.
The Right Analogy Poem
Dirty is to filthy as day is to night.
Brother is to sister as left is to right.
Yes is to no as dark is to light.
Wrong to right as peace is to fight.
You will have 15 minutes to
complete this activity.
Homework
 Create four analogies to share with the class. Write one
analogy using vocabulary words from each subject.

Reading and English

Math

Science

Social Studies
Quiz
1
2.
You may have seen a talking parrot on a TV show, in a
movie, or even in someone’s home. The parrot has
learned to copy sounds that people make. Birds are not
the only animals that can copy the noises they hear.
Dolphins, bats, and some apes also mimic sounds. Now
we can add elephants to this list of copycats.
3
4
5
Winter at the North Pole
Winter at the North Pole is cold and dark. This part of
Earth is tilted away from the sun during the winter, so it
doesn’t get much sunlight. In October, the last edge of
rays from the sun disappears below the horizon.
Then the area is left in full darkness until springtime.
6
There are many times I’d like to go buy new books, but I don’t
have a lot of money to spend on them. Wouldn’t it be great to
swap books right here in our community? Volunteers will
organize the donated books. Then the books will be displayed
on tables at the community center. Everyone will be able to
browse and hopefully find the perfect book. Students and
adults will be allowed to choose up to two books during each
day of the swap. Our plan is to have the book swap the first
Saturday of every month.
th
4
Grade SPIs
SPI 0401.1.12 Select appropriate antonyms, synonyms,
and homonyms within context.
SPI 0401.5.4 Choose a logical word to complete an
analogy using synonyms and antonyms.
Reflection
 Answer these questions in complete sentences.
 What is an analogy?
 Name one way understanding analogies will help you in
your life.
 Read your reflection to your partner.