Character & Dissimilarity Matrices
Character
Feathers
Fur
Wings
Hooves
Talons
Horns
Beak
Unicorn
Griffin
Pegasus
Phoenix
Centaur
Unicorn
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
Unicorn
0
Griffin
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
Pegasus
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
Phoenix
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Centaur
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
griffin
6
pegasus
1
phoenix
7
centaur
3
0
5
1
3
0
6
2
0
4
0
Protist Diversity Wrap-Up
• Make sure you know how to build a
phylogentic tree of the protists
– Are plastids homologous or analogous?
• Put the supergroup and subgroup of each
protist examined on your tree
Lab 3: Animal Diversity
Lab Goals
• Recognize the major phyla of animals
• Understand the developmental characters
that distinguish the different groups and how
these can inform our understanding of
evolution (chart on pg. 49)
• More practice with phylogenetic trees!!!!
Fig. 32-1
What are animals?
•
•
•
•
•
Eukaryotic
Heterotrophic
Multicellular
Diploid
Are motile at some stage
You are here
Some Terminology….
Symmetry: pattern of
body organization
– Asymmetry
– Radial symmetry
– Bilateral symmetry
Why is embryonic development
important in our understanding of
evolution?
• Evolutionary
Developmental Biology
(“Evo-Devo”)
– Comparisons of
developmental characters
in different organisms can
often reveal ancestral
relationships
– Excellent characters for
use in building
phylogenies
Ernst Haeckel 1892
Tissues
• Parazoa-no tissue differentiation
• Eumetazoa-has true tissues
– Diploblastic—two cell layers
– Triploblastic—three cell layers
Diploblastic
Diploblastic
Diploblastic
Triploblastic
Diploblastic Development
Triploblastic Development
Protostomes
(“mouth first”)
Blastopore=
mouth
Deuterostomes
(“mouth second”)
Blastopore=
anus
Videos
• Development of the Blastula
• Gastrulation
Triploblastic Animals
Have one or two body
cavities:
1) Archenteron = gut
2) May also have
either a:
• Pseudocoelom
exterior lined by
mesoderm, interior
lined by endoderm
•
Coelom
cavity completely
lined with
mesoderm
archenteron
coelom
Acoelomate
Psuedocoelomate
Coelomate
Protostomes: Two Clades
• Lophotrochozoa
– Fun to say!
– Trochophore larvae
– Lophophore
• Used for filter feeding
• Ecdysozoa
– Shed an external
cuticle or exoskeleton
– Why is this done??
Flow Chart
True Tissues?
yes
no
Parazoa
Eumetazoa
Number of Germ Layers?
Asymmetry
two
three
Triploblastic
Diploblastic
Radial symmetry
Fate of blastopore?
mouth
Protostome
Acoelomate, Pseudocoelem, or Coelem
Which clade?
Lophotrochozoa
Trochophore larvae or lochophore
(or neither) ?
Bilateral symmetry
Ecdysozoa
anus
Deuterostome
Coelom
Today’s Lab
•
•
•
•
Work through all stations (use flowchart!)
Examine organisms in tank
Complete lab report in class
Show me your tree!
Next Week
• 20 pt quiz (protists and animals)
– you may use protist “cheat sheet”
– All words on Table 3.3 in the Animal Diversity
lab will be in a word bank on the quiz (i.e. know
the definition but don’t worry about spelling)
• Animal Lab Report DUE
(animal lab is first one worth points!!)
• Read Pig Dissection Lab and
BRING GLOVES