At this time, even how advance the
generation is, when you visit classrooms,
the most common instructional material
you will find are those that are twodimensional.
is consist of only length and width. They are
paper based, opaque material that are
commonly found in classrooms.
• Boards
• Graphic Materials
• Picture and Photographs
• Postcards
• Flashcards
• a vertical surface on which information can be
displayed to public view
Types of Boards
1. Chalk Boards
2. White Boards and Magnetic Boards
3. Cloth Boards(Felt, Fannel,and Carpet)
4.Hook-and Loop Boards (Velcro Boards)
5. Pegboards
6.Bulletin Boards
• These are the most
common instructional
media found in
classrooms, rural and
urban alike.
• Aside from using it as a
medium for verbal
communication, it is also
used as surface where
pictures, posters, graphs,
charts and etc.
• Chalk dust can
• Generally suitable
trigger asthma or
for different age
respiratory problem
groups, class size,
and subject matter. • Does not provide
permanent records
• It is not dependent
• Some information
to electricity.
cannot presented
• It is economical and
well using a
reusable
chalkboard.
• Also sometimes called multipurpose boards
• These with glossy surface, commonly white
in color, where non-permanent markings are
made with the use of special felt pens.
• White boards becomes a magnetic boards
when it is made with metal base.
• Become popular around the 90’s when there
was a growing concerns on the potential
health risks of chalk dust.
• Using markers does not
generate dust that
comes from using the
erasing chalk.
• Whiteboards marker is
easier to hold and write
with compared to chalk
and marking a
whiteboards takes less
time.
• The white backgrounds
can cause problems to
those with vision
impartment.
• Left-handed person may
find it difficult to write
on these boards because
left-handed individuals
usually write with their
hand curved around the
pen therefore causing
their hand to drag across
the strokes previously
made.
• This is a piece of plywood or heavy
cardboard covered with either felt,
fannel or carpet. The fuzzy surface of
a felt, fannel, or carpet allows visual
material with appropriate backing
adhere.
• A plywood or heavy card board is
covered with a nylon loop material
and the nylon hooks are adhere on
the back of the instructional
materials to be displayed on the
board.
• Are made of tempered masonite
with 1/8- inch holes drilled 1 inch
apart. These boards are used in
displaying three-dimensional objects
or heavy materials with the use of
hooks inserted into the boards.
• Are generally not used directly in
instruction but tend to be supplement.
• These boards are usually designed as an
instructional device that can carry message
with out the presence of a teacher.
• Uses: display notice, and announcements,
classroom rules, and procedures, seasonal
items, and student work.
• Translate abstract ideas and
relationships into a concrete form.
They are non-photographic, two –
dimensional materials designed to
communicate a message to the
viewer.
• They often include verbal as well as
visual symbols.
• Convey certain types of information in a
condensed form
• Readily available
• Can be easily carried from one place to
place
• Not interactive
• Lack depth and motion
• Can be easily misinterpreted
1. drawing and sketch
2. cartoons
3. strip drawing
4. posters
5. charts
6. graphs
7.diagrams
8.maps
• Drawing and Sketches employ the
use of lines, either simple or
crude. They may not be the real
thing but they may present
persons, places, things, and
concepts.
are more
finished and
representational
compared to
sketches.
usually
lack details such as
stick figures .
• Cartoons use
symbolism and
oftentimes bold
exaggeration to
present at a glance a
message or point
concerning news
event , people or
situations.
• It is a form of cartooning in
which a cast of character
enacts a story in a
sequence of closely related
drawings.
• Scrip drawings is a more
accurate term for the
commonly called comics or
comic strip.
• Scrip drawings can be used
for motivation or starter
for a lesson.
• Posters are combination
of lines, images, colors
and words. Intended to
catch attention and
communicate a message
quickly.
• Can be used to
stimulate interest in a
new topic, a special
class, or a new event.
• Charts are graphic representation of abstract
relationships such as chronologies, quantities,
and hierarchies.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Organization charts
Classification charts
Time lines
Tabular charts or tables
Flowcharts or process charts
Tree or stream chart
Gannt Chart
• Shows an organization’s structure or
chain of command. It illustrates the
interrelationship between parts of an
organization.
• They are similar to
organization charts but
its purpose is to show
the classification or
categorization of
objects or species.
• Time lines show in
sequence different
events or the
relationship of people
and events.
• They are very helpful in
summarizing series of
events.
• Contain
numerical
information or
data in a table
or columns.
• These kind of charts show a
process, sequence, or procedure.
• These kind of charts
shows change, growth
or development by
beginning with a single
course and then
spreads out into many
branches or by
beginning w/ many
branches w/c then
come together into
single channel.
• Is an activity
time chart that
illustrate the
start and finish
dates of a
certain activity
or project.
• Graphs show quantitative data. These kind of
graphics make analysis and interpretation of
numerical information easier.
•
•
•
•
•
Line graphs
Bar graphs
Pie graph
Solid graphs
pictographs
• Are used when
plotting trends of
relationship
between series data.
• Shows the progress
over a period of
time.
• The simplest and
easiest to read. The
data are presented in
horizontal or vertical
bars.
• While the widths of
the bar are the same,
its length represents
the amount or
percentage data.
• Always present
whole amounts
and its parts are
calculated in
percentage or
fractional parts.
• Used to
compare several
related totals
thru the use of
geometric
shapers.
• Graphs are utilize
related pictures or
drawing to show
numerical data. It
is an adaptation of
bar graph.
• Are intended to show relationship or to help
explain a process, how something works or
how something is constructed.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cloud diagram
Chain of events
Fishbone mapping
Cycle
Compare/ contrast
Venn diagram
• Used in a
nonlinear activity
wherein ideas,
images, and
feelings are
generated around
a stimulus word.
• Diagram illustrates
the stages of an
event, the action of
a character or the
steps in a
procedure.
• Used to show
causal interaction
of a complex event
or complex
phenomenon.
• Illustrates how
series of events
interact to
produce a set of
result such as the
life cycle.
• A diagram that is
used to show
similarities and
differences.
• Used to show
relationship
between sets,
similarities and
differences
between
character, stories
or poem.
• Maps are representations of earth’s
surface or a part of it.
• Political maps
• Physical maps
• Commercial or Economic Maps
• Generic term picture
includes any kind of
opaque representation
of visual images w/c
includes drawings,
photographs, pictures
in books and
magazines, or any
medium open to the
artist’s interpretation.
• These are
commercially
printed with space
on one side for an
address and
postage stamp used
for sending a short
message through
mail.
• These material are
used for all drill
activities in teaching
certain topics.
• Flash cards may
contain words,
phases, sentences,
math combination
or pictures.
•
•
•
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