…..because everyone deserves
credit for their stuff!!
This above all else – GOOGLE it.
 Be sure to introduce the first and last name of
the author and if necessary for your content,
specify their title or area of expertise; identify
the page number in parentheses at the end of the
sentence (7).  for example
 Ex: Mark Jones, Educational Editor for the Erie
Times News, contends that the research teachers
at East High School are the finest in the world
(D5).
Take out some scrap paper and create an entry
for a sentence outline with a signal phrase.
Phamtatorship
p.17
Paraphrase
MEDIA INFLUENCES
The amount of time a teen spends watching television
effects the amount of pressure celebrity images have on
them. Statistic prove that 60% of teens spend 40 hours or
more a week watching television.
Working Bibliography
Crane, Alex Dr. “TV is Too Much for Teens.” Psychology Today 19 Feb. 2008.
Print.
Doan, William. Media’s Influences. New York: Putnum, 2005.Print
Dr. Alex Crane, author of “TV is too
Much for Teens,” asserts that the
amount of time a teen spends
watching television effects the
amount of pressure celebrity images
have on them (17).
 Once a source has been introduced, it is not
necessary to use the author’s full name or title
again; simply use the author’s last name and the
page number.
 Ex: Jones goes on to note that the students in the
summer programs are also among the hardest
working in the school (D5).
 Your writing will grow repetitive if all of your signal
phrases are placed at the beginning of the sentence. Add
variety to your sentences by placing your signal phrases in
middle (embedded) or at the end of your sentence.
 Embedded: Attending class in the summer, Jones
explains, allows for more flexibility in the student’s fall
schedule (D6).
 End: Attending class in the summer allows for more
flexibility in the student’s fall schedule, explains Jones
(D6).
 An article can not “tell” or “say”
 Instead an article:
 Informs
 Clarifies
 Describes
 Outlines
 Etc. – what are your suggestions?
(Refer to the handout I gave you)
Don’t forget to try a
“sweet” new verb.
Phamtatorship
p.17
Paraphrase
MEDIA INFLUENCES
The amount of time a teen spends watching television
effects the amount of pressure celebrity images have on
them. Statistic prove that 60% of teens spend 40 hours or
more a week watching television.
Working Bibliography
Crane, Alex Dr. “TV is Too Much for Teens.” Psychology Today 19 Feb. 2008.
Print.
Doan, William. Media’s Influences. New York: Putnum, 2005.Print
Crane explains that the amount of time a teen
spends watching television effects the amount of
pressure celebrity images have on them (17).
Or
The amount of time a teen spends watching
television effects the amount of pressure celebrity
images have on them, argues Crane (17).
Or
The amount of time a teen spends watching
television, insists Crane, effects the amount of
pressure celebrity images have on them (17).
 First Signal Phrase: Williams and Dolan,
professors at Ohio State University declares,
“Taking a class in research from Mrs. Priestap
is awesome.”
 Second Signal Phrase: Williams and Dolan
go on to say, “concentrated learning promotes
mastery.”
For variety: “Concentrated learning promotes
mastery,” states William and Dolan
“Concentrated learning always takes place”
(Williams and Doan).
You may also place your second signal phrase in
parenthesis at the end of the paraphrase. This works
best when an author is not available and the article title
is cited.
 The article entitled, “Claiming to Know the
Truth” describes the amount of cheating in
high schools (32).
 Place an abbreviated article title in
parenthesis followed by the page number.
 Ex: Students think internet plagiarism is
their right because it’s on the web
(“Claiming to Know” 44).
Create a first signal phrase for an
article title using the following
information.
OR
Create a second signal phrase. You
choose.
“Magazine Mayhem“
WEB
Quotation
MEDIA INFLUENCES
“Models are forced to achieve an unhealthy body weight in
order to keep their jobs. In the year 2009, twenty magazine
models died due to eating related diseases.”
Working Bibliography
Crane, Alex Dr. “TV is Too Much for Teens.” Psychology Today 19 Feb. 2008.
Print.
“Magazine Mayhem Create Dangerous Images.” Postmodern Culture 11.2 22
Jan. 2005. Web. 24 May 2009.
The article “Magazine Mayhem Create Dangerous
Images,” reports that “………In the year 2009,
twenty magazine models died due to eating
related diseases.”
“……In the year 2009, twenty magazine models died
due to eating related diseases” (“Magazine
Mayhem”).
 If your on-line article came from an adobe
document that displays the article in original
print form, you may use the page number.
 Williams and Dolan state, “Taking a class in
research from Mrs. Priestap is awesome!”
(356).
 Check out the ending punctuation…..when a quote ends with a question
mark or exclamation point, use that punctuation in the quote, place the
pg. number and add a period after the parenthesis.
For More Examples: Search the Internet !
 Choose your first note card from your
first topic
 Always begin your entry with the
citation information and then write
your note.
 Make it short and sweet…use your
underlined main idea.
 If you have a page number…….use it
(32).