Chapter 19 Section 5
Global Peacemaker
Fourteen Points
• Woodrow Wilson’s
plans to restore peace
to the world
– 1st 5 dealt with what he
believed caused the war
– 6-13 deal with boundary
changes
– 14 is the League of
Nations
Describe 3 of Wilson’s 14 Points
• No secret treaties
• Removal of trade
barriers
• Reduction of military
forces
• Freedom of seas
• Right of selfdetermination
Self-Determination
• People of a nation have
the freedom to make
decisions about their
own future
– For example, what kind
of government they will
have
How did the Allies both encourage and
discourage self-determination in Europe?
• They encouraged it by
giving independence to
some countries
• Discouraged it by
disregarding the wishes
of other countries
• The Allies were very
inconsistent in their
application of selfdetermination
List the 9 new nations that were
created in Europe following WWI.
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Finland
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Czechoslovakia
Austria
Hungary
Yugoslavia
Spoils
• Rewards of War
• Wilson claimed that the
U.S. was not interested
in spoils
• European nations were
– Britain and France
wanted to take anything
they could get from
Germany and its allies
• Italy and Japan were also
very interested in spoils
League of Nations
• International
peacekeeping
organization
• Rather that going to
war, it was thought that
this organization would
allow countries to
diplomatically solve
their problems
– The idea was proposed
by Woodrow Wilson
Reparation
• Payment for economic
injury suffered during
the war
• It was decided that
Germany owed the
Allied $33billion
– No way Germany could
repay this
– Germany humiliated
• They would not forget
this
Why did France and Britain demand
reparations from Germany?
• To punish and humiliate
Germany for its role in
the war
Treaty of Versailles
• The treaty that ended the
war with Germany
• Very harsh treaty
• Limited Germany to
100,000 soldiers
• No heavy artillery
• No submarines
• No air force
• Lost all colonies
• Lost 25% of territory
Treaty of Versailles
• Article 231 forced
Germany to accept all
responsibility for the
war
Why did the 14 Points fail as a basis of
peace negotiations?
• The 14 points did not
serve the desired of the
other Allies
– Britain and France
wanted to cripple
Germany by taking its
territory and demanding
reparations
• Not interested in peace as
equals
Why did many American oppose the
League of Nations?
• The League of Nations
made many Americans
concerned about
American
independence and
whether or not the
Monroe Doctrine would
remain in effect
How did the United States eventually
make peace with Germany?
• The Senate approved a
separate peace treaty in
1921
• The U.S. never signed
the Treaty of Versailles
or joined the League of
Nations