STRAND:
PROBLEM
Question
WHY A RENEWED INTEREST IN
LINGUISTICS AROSE DURING
MODERNISM AND POSTMODERNISM?
WHAT LINGUISTICS IS
Linguistics:
1.
pl.n (functioning as singular)
the scientific study of
language. Collins Concise English Dictionary
2.
the scientific study of
language and its structure. Concise Oxford English
pl.n (treaded as singular)
Dictionary.
3.
the scientific study of
language and its structure, including the study
of grammar, syntax, and phonetics. Specific
branches of linguistics include sociolinguistics,
dialectology, psycholinguistics, computational
linguistics, comparative linguistics, and
structural linguistics.The Oxford English Dictionary.
pl.n (treated as singular)
History of linguistics
Until the 19th century linguistics
spoke mainly about letters not
sounds.
Modern linguistics
shifted the focus from
historical concerns of
changes over time to
the idea that language
can be viewed as a selfcontained and
structured system
situated at a particular
point in time.
The swiss linguistic
Ferdinand de
Saussure is widely
acknowledged as
the key figure in
this refocusing of
interest and the
father of modern
linguistics.
WHO WAS SAUSSURE?
•Ferdinand de Saussure (Geneva,1857- Vaud,1913)
was a swiss linguistic whose ideas gave the foundation
for the development of modern linguistics in the 20th
century.
•After an initial period at university studying chemistry
he left the studies of scientific subjects to focus on
liguistics.
•Saussure's most renowed work, Course in General
Linguistics (Cours de linguistique générale), was
published in 1916 by Charles Bally and Albert
Sechehaye (former students) on the basis of notes
taken from Saussure's lectures in Geneva.
•Saussure believed that semiology was a science able
to study signs, so linguistic was a branch of semiology.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
“LANGUE” AND “PAROLE”
LANGUE
PAROLE
It’s the social moment
of language. Language
is composed by codes
and structures of rules,
always without the
opportunity to change
or invent them.
It is the Individual
moment of language.
It’s the individual way
of using the
linguistics code.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
SIGNIFIER AND SIGNIFIED
SIGNIFIER
n.linguistics a sign’s physical
form (such as a sound, a
printed word, or image) as a
distinct from its meaning.
Concise Oxford English
Dictionary.
The instrument used to
express the signified.
SIGNIFIED
n.linguistics the meaning or
idea expressed by a sign, as
distinct from the physical form
in which it is expressed.
Concise Oxfod English
Dictionary.
What the sign
expresses
Elements not separable
•Linguistic previous Saussure was historicalcomparative.
• According to Saussure the “diachronic” range
of language had been privileged compared to
the “synchronic” sphere.
• To Saussure the synchronic aspect was far
more important.
• a mathematicalquantitative consideration
of language became
possible.
Even if he didn’t talk about structure Saussure
left and inheritance to structuralism:
• idea of the systemic nature of language.
• Idea of the supremacy of language over
speaking. (We produce ourselves in language
J.Winterson)
• Idea of hegemony of synchrony over
diachrony.
Central ideas:
• no author
• no truth
• no meaning (meaning is always different
J.Derrida)
Ppt made by:
Bianco Annalisa
Florio Silvia
Gaddi Lisa
Girardi Cristina
Gradito Ylenia
As. 2012-2013
Cl 5°B