Πολυμεσικό Υλικό στο Internet:
Συγχρονισμός, Επεξεργασία και
Διακίνηση
Multimedia content delivery in the Internet: Multimedia
platforms & video service providers, MOOCs - the
Coursera Business Model
4/12/2014
Β. Μάγκλαρης <maglaris@netmode.ntua.gr>
Μ. Γραμματικού <mary@netmode.ntua.gr>
Δ. Καλογεράς <dkalo@noc.ntua.ge>
www.netmode.ntua.gr
Outline
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Massive Open On-Line Courses – MOOCs
Brief History of MOOCs
Types of MOOCs
Major players in MOOCs
MOOCs players in Europe
Platforms for creating Courses
Coursera & edX, Business Models
Massive Open On-Line Courses (MOOCs)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massive_open_online_course
• MOOC is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via
the web
• Not only traditional course materials such as videos, readings, and problem sets,
MOOCs provide interactive user forums that help build a community for students,
professors, and teaching assistants
• MOOCs are a recent development in distance education which began to emerge in 2012
Why offer a MOOC
http://www.slideshare.net/beboac/ichl-moo-cs
History of MOOCs (I)
• A MOOC is an open education movement and is found online
• It influences connectivism* where learning is successful and
networks are created in different fields
• 2002: MIT OpenCourseWare project formed
• 2004: The term Connectivism was developed by George Siemens
and Stephen Downes**
• 2008: The first MOOC was presented at the University of Manitoba,
Canada and it consisted of 2200 learners
• 2008: Khan Academy starts up (actually at 2006)
*Connectivism is a hypothesis of learning which emphasizes the role of
social and cultural context. Connectivist pedagogy:
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open courses to contribute to knowledge
support to form networks
**Connectivist teaching and learning, Downes states: "to teach is to
model and demonstrate, to learn is to practice and reflect.“
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connectivism
History of MOOCs (II)
• 2010: Dave Cormier made video about MOOCs and
uploaded onto YouTube
• 2011: MOOC prepares freshman college students for
college requirements
• 2012: Harvard’s first MOOC has 370,000 students,
New York Times calls 2012 the year of the MOOC
• 2013: cMOOCs and xMOOCs too numerous to count
Downes’ MOOC Model
http://www.slideshare.net/beboac/ichl-moo-cs
• Four elements for a successful MOOC:
– Autonomy – students decide how much to
participate
– Diversity – students come from all backgrounds,
different countries, different experiences
– Openness – MOOCs should be free or with low
cost
– Interactivity – Chats, video meetings…
The different types of MOOCs (I)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massive_open_online_course#Connectivist_design
• There are different types of MOOCs:
– The cMOOC (connectivist MOOC):
• the first MOOC ever offered was a cMOOC
• cMOOCs are used by the individual, academics and non
profit organizations
• the cMOOC is based on a connectivist learning theory
• the cMOOC is an informal learning environment
The different types of MOOCs (II)
• The xMOOC:
– xMOOCs are used by the Universities
– xMOOCs use a behaviourist approach
– the xMOOC is a more formal learning environment
– EdX can be characterized as xMOOC
– MIT announced MITx at the end of 2011, MITx is
morphed into EdX with the addition of Harvard
and UC Berkley (EdX 2012)
vMOOC (III)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massive_open_online_course#Connectivist_design
• vMOOC, has been suggested to describe
vocational MOOCs, that would require
simulations and related technologies to teach
and assess practical skills and abilities
sMOOCs
http://www.slideshare.net/beboac/ichl-moo-cs
• Coursera MOOCs could be characterized as a
standard MOOCs or an sMOOC
• Uses a limited range of technologies and could
be thought of in terms of LMS as platform
Platforms for creating Courses
(Moodle) (I)
https://moodle.org/
• A well known and very well supported LMS
(Learning Management System)
• Web based
• Moodle is provided freely as open
source software, under the GNU (General
Public Licence)
• Strong social services (based on connectivism)
Platforms for creating Courses
(Open edX) (II)
http://code.edx.org/
• Open edX is a not-for-profit enterprise
• Founded 2012
• Open edX
– is implemented mostly in Python for the server, and
Javascript for the browser
– the code is being made available under an AGPL license
– the main repository is edx-platform which includes both
the LMS and the authoring tool, Studio
• Open edX is already receiving code contributions from
around the world (e.g. Stanford University, Google, MIT, The
University of Queensland, Tsinghua University, UC Berkeley,
and Harvard University)
Platforms for creating Courses
(III)
• CourseSites by Blackboard is an exceptionally robust platform
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it has all of the features that Moodle has
including extensive teaching tools
reporting features and SCORM compliance
it is also cloud-based
you can set up a course in minutes and never have to worry about
maintenance or upgrades
• Udemy is specialized in the private MOOC
– think of it as the YouTube of MOOCs
– instructors can build and host their own courses on the platform and
then offer them to users for free or for a fee
• Versal is a new platform
– intuitive user interface and a robust drag-and-drop functionality
– a user can sign up for free and then build a course that includes
mathematical expressions, image drill-downs and many more widgets,
all without any coding knowledge
– users can also embed their published courses on other websites, such
as personal blogs
Platforms for creating Courses (IV)
http://bit.ly/1ginXMb
Massive Open On-Line Courses (MOOCs)
http://chronicle.com/article/The-Major-Players-in-the-MOOC/138817/
Major Players in the MOOC Universe
http://chronicle.com/article/The-Major-Players-in-the-MOOC/138817/
• Coursera: This for-profit MOOC founded by Andrew Ng and Daphne
Koller has teamed up with 62 colleges (and counting) for its classes.
It attracted $22-million in venture capital in its first year
• Khan Academy: Salman Khan made waves when he quit his job as a
hedge-fund analyst to record short video lectures on everything
from embryonic stem cells to—you guessed it—hedge funds and
venture capital
• Udacity: This for-profit MOOC, started by the Stanford professor
Sebastian Thrun, works with individual professors to offer courses.
By March 2013, Udacity had raised more than $21-million in
venture capital. Udacity provides with Nanodegrees to learners
• EdX: Harvard and MIT put up the original $60-million to start this
non-profit MOOC
Overview of potential revenue sources for
three MOOC providers
edX
•Certification
Coursera
•Certification
•Secure assessments
•Employee recruitment
•Applicant screening
•Human tutoring or
assignment marking
•Enterprises pay to run
their own training courses
•Sponsorships
•Tuition fees
UDACITY
•Certification
•Employers paying to
recruit talented students
•Students résumés and job
match services
•Sponsored high-tech skills
courses
"Charging for content would be a tragedy," said Andrew Ng. But "premium"
services such as certification or placement would be charged a fee
Visual Representation of a MOOC
http://www.slideshare.net/krisbeukes/moocs-introduction
MOOC Tools & Pedagogy
http://www.slideshare.net/beboac/ichl-moo-cs
Will MOOCs Succeed?
http://www.slideshare.net/iaindoherty/everything-you-need-to-knowabout-moocs-well-almost
MOOCs Players in Europe
http://www.openuped.eu/,
https://iversity.org
• OpenupEd is an open, non-profit partnership
offering MOOCs that contribute to open up
education
• iversity.org is a platform for Massive Open
Online Courses that contribute to open
education
OpenupEd
• 12 European countries have joined forces to
launch the first pan-European MOOCs initiative,
with the support of the European Commission
• 149 courses in different European languages
• The OpenupEd framework features:
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Learner-centred
Openness to learners
Digital openness
Independent learning
Media-supported interaction
Recognition options
Quality focus
Spectrum of diversity
iversity
• 6 European partners
• In 3 European languages:
– English, German, Russian
• Certificates with a fee
• Courses subjects include:
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medicine
computer science
economics
physics
law
design and philosophy
Coursera
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coursera
• Coursera started in 2012 working with Stanford University, Princeton, the
University of Michigan, and the University of Pennsylvania,
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12 partners were added in July 2012
17 more in September 2012
another 29 partner universities in February 2013
the current total number of partners is 108
• In January 2014, Coursera blocked their courses for users in Cuba, Iran
and Sudan as a result of US sanctions to those countries. The company
has made progress in restoring access to non-STEM courses in these
countries
• Founded 2012
• Penn hosts the Inaugural Coursera Partners' Conference on April 5th and
6th, 2013
• All courses offered by Coursera are "accessible for free“
• Coursera courses:
– approximate from six to ten weeks long
– with one to two hours of video lectures a week
– provide quizzes, weekly exercises, and sometimes a final project or exam
• Coursera reaches 839 courses in October 2014
• Coursera reaches 10 million users in 114 institutions in October 2014
Coursera Business Model
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coursera
• Coursera: is a for-profit educational technology company
founded by company science professors Andrew Ng and
Daphne Koller from Stanford University that offers Massive
Open Online Courses (MOOCs)
• List of ways to generate revenue, include:
– verified certification fees (started in 2012 as Signature Track)
– introducing students to potential employers recruiters (with
student consent)
– tutoring
– sponsorships
– tuition fees
• In January 2013, Coursera announced that the American
Council on Education had approved five courses for college
credit
Coursera: behind the scenes filming
By Ben Loveridge (Learning Environments)
http://blogs.unimelb.edu.au/researchservices/2012/12/15/courserabehind-the-scenes-filming/
Photo: Coursera filming set-up showing autocue and Wacom Cintiq 24HD Touch (Credit: Ben Loveridge)
General Preparation Notes for Filming
Presentations (I)
• Content creation
– video segments of around six minute long are the optimal length for
student engagement
• Copyright
– Use creative commons on flickr within your course to avoid expensive
ongoing licensing
– If you can’t find or create anything appropriate yourself, make sure any
copyright in images or video has been cleared well in advance
– Check out Astrid Bovell’s blog post on MOOC’s and the Copyright office
• Programs for presenting content
– Keynote / Powerpoint / PDF
– Video now lives in a 16:9 world so make sure your presentations are set
to 16:9 mode
• in PowerPoint this is listed under the ‘page setup’ option
• in Keynote it is listed in the ‘inspector mode’ so something like
1920×1080 is a good start
General Preparation Notes for Filming
Presentations (II)
What to wear
• Avoid wearing green (clashes with the green screen) or fine striped or
patterned outfits (can cause strange visual effects).
• Black and white clothing is not ideal
• Solid muted tones and colours are ok – not too dazzling or bright
• Avoid rattling jewellery
• Wear clothing that a lapel mic can easily attach
Style of delivery
• Sitting or standing?
• Are they presenting together or separately?
• If standing then green screen or white background? (This affects if we use
Screenflow vs recording to hard drive where picture is merged with
background)
• If sitting will you annotate slides with the Wacom?
• Scripted with an auto cue, presenting from ‘notes view’ or off the top of the
head?
• Creating slides on Mac or PC (affects if we use Keynote vs Powerpoint)
edX
https://www.edx.org
• edX is a non-profit online initiative created by founding
partners Harvard and MIT
• Around 300 courses
• Around 400 faculty and staff teaching courses and
discussing topics online
• Around 100,000 certificates earned by edX students
• Topics include:
– biology, business, chemistry, computer science, economics,
finance, electronics, engineering, food and nutrition,
history, humanities, law, literature, math, medicine, music,
philosophy, physics, science, statistics and more
edX Business Model
https://www.edx.org
• With the exception of professional education
courses, edX courses are free for everyone
• Some courses have a fee for verified
certificates but are free to audit
References (I)
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massive_open_online_course
http://chronicle.com/article/The-Major-Players-in-the-MOOC/138817/
• http://bit.ly/1ginXMb
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coursera
• https://www.coursera.org/course/ml
• http://www.moneycrashers.com/netflix-hulu-amazon-comparison/
• http://blogs.unimelb.edu.au/researchservices/2012/12/15/courserabehind-the-scenes-filming/
• http://cit.duke.edu/blog/2012/10/what-does-it-take-to-prepare-a-dukecoursera-course/
• http://www.openuped.eu/
• https://iversity.org
• https://www.udacity.com/
• https://www.udacity.com/nanodegrees
• http://www.slideshare.net/iaindoherty/everything-you-need-to-knowabout-moocs-well-almost
References (II)
• http://www.slideshare.net/beboac/ichl-moo-cs
• http://blogs.unimelb.edu.au/researchservices/2012/12/15/courserabehind-the-scenes-filming/
• http://code.edx.org/
• https://www.edx.org