ILINOVA SUMMER SCHOOL
Proposal writing on conservation of
Indigenous Livestock
Monday 22nd and Tuesday 23rd, September 2014
Proposal Development
• Theoretical background information on value chain
and conservation of Indigenous livestock
• Features of three types of proposals
– Applied or action research ( working with
communities or governments to
conserve/improve a local breed)
– Development projects ( improving livelihoods
through the use of local breeds)
– Basic research (creating more knowledge on a
specific breed about performance, resistance,
genetic characterization, nutrition)
•Group work on selected proposal types
•Plenary discussions
•Action plans
Research issues revolves around FOUR ‘P’s;
People; personal experience, attitudes,
Organizations, Groups, Communities
Problems; Issues, Situations, Associations
Programs; Interventions, Contents, structure,
outcomes
Phenomenon; Cause and effect relationships,
study of a phenomenon
Systematic and logical analysis of the
problem and designing interventions
• Problem tree
• Objective tree
• Results based framework
Build
Relationship
• Logical framework
• Monitoring and Evaluation
Formulate Project
•
Goal, purpose, title
•
Outcomes, outputs,
•
Activities
•
Indicators
•
Means of verification
•
Assumptions
•
Sustainability
Problem Tree
EFFECT
CAUSE
6
The relationship between the problem tree
and the objective tree
PROBLEM TREE
• Focal problem
OBJECTIVE TREE
Project Purpose
• Effects
Overall
Objectives
• Causes
Results
Output
Outcome
Impact
1st level
2nd level
3rd level
Immediate
short term
Inter mediate
Ultimate
long-terms
medium-term
7
Problem tree /
objective
Logical
framework
Impacts
Effects
Core issue
/problem
Causes
Underlying
causes
Goal/ overall
objective
Purpose
Outputs
Activities
Results based framework
Objectives Tree
*
Ends
Means
9
Outputs, outcomes and Impacts
Evaluate:
Outcomes, impacts
Input
Activity
Resources /Process
Monitoring:
resource use, processes,
partnership and outputs
Output
Outcome
Impact
1st level
2nd level
3rd level
Immediate
short term
Inter mediate
Ultimate
long-terms
medium-term
Results
Results
Learning,
knowledge gained
Behaviour, actions taken
with gained knowledge
Conditions changed
resulting from the action
What is M&E?
•Continuous follow-up of activities and results in relation
to pre-set targets and objectives
•Follow up of progress at 4 levels
Features of Proposals
Generic response problem or research issue
Results areas
•Development projects
•Applied research
Impact of the
problem
Effect of the
problem
Effect of the
problem
Target issue for
intervention
Cause of the
problem
Cause of the
problem
Cause of the
problem
Explaining the problem
•Basic research interests
Core problem
Features of Proposals
Camel calf losses in pastoral systems
Results areas
•Development projects
•Applied research
Loss of livestock
assets
Poor body
condition
High mortality
cases
Explaining the problem
•Basic research interests
Unhygienic
maternity
environment
Ineffective
ethno
veterinay
treatment
Target issue for
intervention
Low
immunity at
birth
High cases of
gastrointestinal
diseases
Features of Proposals
Camel calf losses in pastoral systems
Results areas
•Development projects
•Applied research
Secured
livestock assets
Improved body
condition
High calf
survival
Explaining the problem
•Basic research interests
Improved
hygiene in
maternity
environment
Effective
veterinay
treatment
Target issue for
intervention
High
immunity at
birth
low cases of
gastrointestinal
diseases
Nutritional Food security Wealthy
security
outcomes
Core
change
Causes
removed
More
income
Improved
market access
Healthy
Safer food
Smallholders gain from market opportunities
Improved
More value
productivity addition
Reduced spoilage
and wastage
Safer and
quality food
Better access Appropriate scale Better market Functional
to inputs
and technologies information
markets and
pricing
Inputs and service
Production
Processing
Effective food
safety and
quality
assessment
Marketing and consumption
Group-work analyzing and defining a
problem (20 minutes)
Exercise for group work to analyze conservation issues
described in the ILINOVA project visibility brief
Identify the core problem, its effects and impacts, and
possible underlying causes of the problem
Present problem tree and an objective tree of the case
Assign the described activities to their corresponding
components in the objective tree
The output will be interactively shared with
all participants in the plenary session
Target proposal development
Group work
Brain storm on issues of concern in
conservation of indigenous livestock with a
view to settling on an project idea to be
translated into a concept proposal
Follow the logical and systematic approach of
Problem analysis tree
Objective tree
logframe
Potential projects in Indigenous livestock
conservation
1. Characterization
• Inventory
• Geographic distribution
• Phenotypic and genotypic mapping
2. Conservation and sustainable use
•Protection to reduce loss
•Conserve diversity
•In situ and ex situ conservation of diversity
•Adding value to diversity
3. Policy and institutions
•Trade
4. Capacity building project