Asian Conf. of AASVET , Beijing, 2011.5.26-27
Vocational Training Role in
Employment of Nepali People
Ph.D. Student, Kul B. Basnet
Professor, Jinsoo Kim
Dept. Of Technology Education
Korea National University of Education
1
OUTLINE
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
• INTRODUCTION
• SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT
• EMPLOYMENT SITUATION
• VOCATIONAL TRAINING and PROGRAM
• CONSTRAINTS and OBSTACLES
• CONCLUSION
2
I. INTRODUCTION
Vocational Education & Training (VET)
 Help to young professional to move from
school environment to world of work.
 Can develop appropriate skills, improve
labor supply and employability of the
workforce.
 Economic environment determine size
and nature of skill; benefit of training.
 Responsibility of planners linking
training with economic productivity.
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In Nepal
 number of non-skilled youth and
educated unemployed are increasing
fast.
 New job related with IT and
computer are growing fast; and
 channeling unskilled workers into
new growth area is not happening.
 Sustained and consolidated effort is
needed.
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Nepal
 Responsible institute should
come up with consolidated policy
and program to create job in
market.
 To link vocational training with
employment, active participation
of business and industry is
essential.
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PURPOSE
 Discuss
current employment
situation and role of
vocational training in
employment in Nepal.
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NEPAL
Situation
Nepal
workforce
lacks
productivity
because of
skill training
Foreign
employment –
provide skill
training before
going – could
easily increase
annual income
Gap between
vocational
training
program and
employment
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REASON OF STUDY
 Vast
number of adults have either
not been to school or not received
any vocational training. As a
result workforce lacks
productivity in domestic as well as
in overseas labor markets.
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RESEARCH FRAMEWORK
 Qualitative
method
 Examination of written documents
 Descriptive analysis
 Authors individual experience
and observation
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II. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT
Mosaic of culture,
language and
religion
Economy-labor
intensive
Ethnic group
– 101
Land
fragmentation
Language
Sharp rise of
inequality
- 92
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BASIS OF ECONOMY
Labor intensive agriculture
 Cultivating fragile soils
 Raising livestock for low returns

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FARM LAND OWNERSHIP
AND DISTRIBUTION
S.N.
Holdings
1
<0.50 ha
Percent
Holdings
46.93
Percent
Area (ha)
14.7
2
<1.00 – 0.50 ha
27.22
24.18
3
>1 ha
25.85
61.12
Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, 2001 (Agriculture Census)
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ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
PERFORMANCE
Srilanka
1960
NEPAL 2009
Bhutan
1980
HDI-2.4%
Rank-138 (169)
Pakistan
1970
Inequality - 0.41
India
1980
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POPULATION AGED 15 & OVER
LEVEL OF COMPLETED EDUCATION
Description
Male (%) Female(%) Total (%)
Never attend school
32.4
58.2
46.7
Less than primary
13.2
8.8
10.7
Primary
16.7
10.9
13.5
Lower secondary
11.2
7.0
8.9
Secondary
17.0
10.4
13.4
Higher secondary
5.4
2.9
4.0
Bachelors and Masters
3.3
0.9
2.0
Others
0.7
0.8
0.7
Not stated
0.1
0.1
0.1
Source: Nepal Labor Force Survey– 2008
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III. EMPLOYMENT
SITUATION
Agricultur
e – 73.9%
Nonagriculture
– 26.1%
Paid
employees
- 16.9%
Population
employment
ratio –
81.7%
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LABOR FORCE
Growth rate – 2.6%
Agriculture – give 90 days work/yr
• 1-19hrs-11%
• 20-39 hrs-20%
• 40 hrs more68%
Employment
Unemployment
• Urban-14.2%
• Rural-4.2%
• Rural -32.51%
• Urban-29.25%
• Total – 42%
Under
employment
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FOREIGN EMPLOYMENT
Cumulative
number
Going out for
employment
Countrywide data
(2009/2010)
Year
Number
Year
Number
Country Name
Number of
people
2001
250,000
2006/07
204,533
Malaysia
113,900
Saudi Arab
63,700
Qatar
57,340
UAE
33,840
2007
500,000
2007/08
249,051
2008
800,000
2008/09
219,965
Kuwait
8,255
2011
1,200,000
projected
2011
projected
294,094
Oman
3,285
Others
13’744
Source: Department of Foreign Employment Promotion
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IV. VOCATIONAL TRAINING
PROGRAM
Ministries
CTEVT
NGOs
Participatory
District
Development
Program
Vocational Training
and Community
Development
Program
Training for
Employment
Department of
Labor
Department of
Cottage & Small
Industry
Training Institute
Skills for
Employment
Project
F-skill
Rural
Development
Bank
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V. CONSTRAINTS & OBSTACLES
2. Access/
Resources
1. Gap between
policies, plans,
programs and
implementation
Labor Market
Rigidities
4. Weak
Governance
3. Political
Stability
5. Infrastructure
shortcomings
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VI. CONCLUSION
VET
1
2
Develop model
giving value to
vocational
training and
skills.
Give
opportunity to
school dropout
and rural
people.
3
Adopt rapidly
changing
demands of
labor market
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REFERENCES
ADB, DFID & ILO. (2009). Country Diagnostics Studies
Highlights Nepal: Critical Development Constraints.
Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Nepal. (2004).
Nepal Living Standard Survey 2003/04.
Central Bureau of Statistics. (2009). Report on the Nepal
Labor Force Survey 2008.National Planning
Commission Secretariat, Government of Nepal.
National Planning Commission. (2005). Implementation of
the Brussels Program of Action for the LDCs for the
Decade 2001 – 2010. Progress Report Nepal.
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THANK YOU
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