ECHO/ DOPPLER
CARDIOGRAPHY
 A diagnostic Study that reveals information about:
The structure and function of the heart
Cardiac hemodynamics of the heart

THEORY AND TECHNIQUE OF
THE STUDY
 Utilizes the Application of Ultasonic waves being reflected back on hitting a structure
 This is done utilizing a transducer that both sends out the beam and then receives it back
 The transducer can have one crystal or multiple crystals

THEORY AND TECHNIQUE
CONT’D:
 Utilizing the technique of doppler with ultrasound allows the ability to quantitate the direction and velocity of objects

APPLICATION OF THE
TECHNIQUE:
 M mode echo
 2 DIMENSIONAL ECHO:
 Tran thoracic Echo- transducer directly on the chest wall
 Transesophageal Echo- probe placed into the esophagus and stomach
 Stress echocardiography- Tran thoracic echo at rest and post stress or exercise

APPLICATION OF THE
TECHNIQUE:
 Doppler can be viewed as:
 Continuous wave- continuous transmission of signal with 2 nd transducer available to receive the signal
 Pulsed Doppler- same probe transmits, waits an the receives
 Color flow- vectors directions given colors, usually blue if flow is away from transducer and red if goes toward the transducer.

THIS TECHNIQUE ALLOWS THE
EVALUATION OF:
Cardiac Chambers- size and motion or function
The thickness of the walls of the heart
Abnormal Objects in the heart: tumors or masses
Valvular structure (size and shape)
Valvular function (thickness, stenosis, or leakage)
Blood flow- hemodynamics
Other pathologies- fluid: pericardial effusion

THIS TECHNIQUE ALLOWS THE
EVALUATION OF:
Other objects- vegetations etc.
Mechanical valves
Pacemaker wires

ABNORMAL IMAGES
 LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION

VALVULAR DISEASE
 AORTIC VALVE

MITRAL VALVE

CARDIOMYOPATHY

PACEMAKER WIRE

STRESS
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY