CHAPTER 3 Historical Settlement Lecture Outline Innisfree McKinnon University of Oregon © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter Sections • • • • Exploration & Discovery Expansion & Settlement Economic Development & Urbanization Evolving Immigration Patterns & Issues © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Objectives (Exploration & Discovery) • Theory of first effective settlement • Native settlement patterns in the U.S. & Canada • Long term impacts of indigenous people • Triangular trade • Early Atlantic settlement patterns © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Objectives (Expansion & Settlement) • 4 Cultural Hearths • Settlement Regulation – Homestead Act, Donation Land Claim Act, Preemption Act • Land survey systems • Spanish settlement patterns in the SW • Acadian forced migration © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Objectives • Economic Development & Urbanization – Advantages of port cities – Erie Canal & the development of NY city • Evolving Immigration Patterns & Issues – The Great Migration – U.S. immigration policies © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. First Effective Settlement • Geographer Wilbur Zelinsky • The groups who successfully settled a place first had the longest impacts © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. First Peoples Migration Patterns © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Native settlement patterns • Many different native cultures, lifestyles • Dense pop. in CA, PNW, SE U.S. • Some cities >30,000 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. European exploration & imperialism • Imperialism • Donald Meinig: • "The aggressive encroachment of one people upon the territory of another, resulting in the subjugation of the latter people to alien rule." • >4 centuries of domination © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Slave Trade & African force migration © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. French Settlement • St. Lawrence River • Montreal founded 1642 • Fur traders • By late 1600s > 10,000 farms • Settlement expanded to Great Lakes, Mississippi & Ohio rivers © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. French settlement • Long lot system • Allowed access to river • Acadians forced to migrate from Nova Scotia to New Orleans (Cajuns) © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Russian settlement • Aleutian Island, Alaska, and south to CA • Competition w/American & British trappers for furs • Sold N. American territory to U.S. in 1867 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Latin America © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Spanish Settlement • Laws of the Indies 1573 – Guided settlement development • Land grants – Pueblos, villas, and ciudades – Ranchos, colonias – Large, rectangular land grants • Evidence of Spanish settlement remains – – – – Spanish language Architecture Missions Central plazas in S.W. towns © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Dutch Settlement • Dutch East India Company • Merchants set up trade networks • Settlement focused on Connecticut, Delaware, & Hudson River valleys • New Amsterdam – Manhattan Island © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. British Settlement • Jamestown, 1607 • Puritans – Plymouth, 1620 • English Quaker, William Penn – established Pennsylvania • Metes & bounds land grant system © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Early immigrant patterns © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Ongoing Migration, Expansion, and Settlement • European expansion starts from: • U.S. – S. New England (Boston) – Middle Colonies (Philadelphia) – S. of the Chesapeake Bay (Virginia & Georgia) • Canada – English domination expands west • Spanish – Expanded from Mexico city N. to Florida, New Mexico, & Texas © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Major Cultural Hearths © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Territorial Acquisitions © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. U.S. land survey system © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Township & Range system • Northwest Land Ordinance, 1785 • Thomas Jefferson © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Laws encouraging settlement • Homestead Act • Preemption Act of 1841 • Dawes Act – encouraged individual ownership by Native Americans © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Evolving Economic Development & Urbanization • Eastern cities – Ports – Centers of trade – Connected hinterlands to European markets © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Transcontinental Railroad © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The Great Migration • • • • 1920s African American families From the U.S. South To industrial jobs in Midwest, Northeast, West © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Settlement of ethnic groups © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Anti-immigration legislation • Canada – Chinese Head Tax – Chinese Immigration Act • U.S. – Asian Exclusion Act – National Origins Quota Acts 1921, 11924 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Immigration Reforms • 1952 Immigration & Nationality Act – Expanded # of refugees allowed to immigrate • 1965 Immigration Act – Repealed quota system – Band discrimination against Asians • Canada – Reforms in the 1960s © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Post 1980s Immigration • • • • Globalization Rural-urban migration Brain drain to N. America Suburban settlement of immigrants © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. End of Chapter 3 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.