SS4H1 The student will describe how early Native American cultures developed in North America. a. Locate where the Native Americans settled with emphasis on Arctic (Inuit), Northwest
(Kwakiutl), Plateau (Nez Perce), Southwest (Hopi), Plains (Pawnee), and Southeastern (Seminole). b. Describe how the Native Americans used their environment to obtain food, clothing, and shelter.

Six Regions of Native Americans
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Arctic
Plateau
Pacific Northwest
Plains
Southwest
Southeastern

Six Native American Tribes
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Inuit (Arctic)
Nez Perce (Plateau)
Kwakiutl (Pacific Northwest)
Pawnee (Plains)
Hopi (Southwest)
Seminole (Southeast)

United States Map
Georgi a

Native American Regions

Southeastern

Southeastern Seminole
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Location: Florida
Climate: Humid; subtropical
Clothing: Long, light weight clothing (cloth)
Type of housing: Chickee
Food: Corns, beans, squash, wild game
Interesting fact: The Seminoles were formed by American
Indians from other tribes. Runaway slaves would often go to Florida and join the Seminole tribe.

Chickee

Seminole Clothing

Seminole clothing

Seminole clothing

Plains

Plains - Pawnee
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Location: Midwest (Nebraska)
Climate: Hot in the summer; cold in the winter
(continental)
Clothing: Cloth and skins
Food: Buffalo, corn (maize), squash
Type of housing: Earth lodge; tepees for buffalo hunts
Interesting Fact: Plains Indians are most often known for hunting buffalo. However, horses were not introduced to
North America until the Europeans. The Pawnee tribe remained agricultural, even though they began using horses to hunt buffalo.

Pawnee clothing

Pawnee robe

Pawnee Earth Lodge

Pawnee Earth Lodge

Diorama of Pawnee Earth Lodge

Diorama of Pawnee Earth Lodge

Inside Pawnee Earth Lodge

Inside Pawnee Earth Lodge

Firepit

Buffalo Hunt

Buffalo (American Bison)

Southwest

Southwest - Hopi
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Location: Southwest – Arizona, Nevada, California
Climate: Desert – dry and sandy
Clothing: Woven cotton and wool
Food: Corn, squash, peppers, onions
Type of housing: Pueblos (houses made of adobe)
Interesting Fact: The Hopi men had a special room for meeting, rituals, and ceremonies called a ‘kiva.’

Pueblo

Mesa Verde

Hopi clothing

Hopi basket and pot

Hopi blanket

Plateau

Plateau – Nez Perce
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Location: Inland Northwest – Oregon, Washington, Idaho
Climate: Wet, rainy woods; cold winters
Clothing: Buckskin
Food: Salmon, small game
Type of housing: Permanent pithouses in winter; lodges or teepees in summer (for hunting)
Interesting fact: The Nez Perce are actually misnamed –
Nez Perce means “pierced nose”, but they actually never used piercings. They were mistaken for another tribe.

Nez Perce Clothing

Nez Perce Weavings

Pithouse

Pithouse diagram

Nez Perce teepee

Pacific Northwest

Pacific Northwest - Kwakiutl
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Location: Pacific Northwest coast – Washington and
Canada
Climate: Wet and rainy; ‘rainforests’
Clothing: Bark, roots, and goat hair
Food: Fish, sea mammals, clams, small game, berries, roots
Type of housing: Cedar plank houses located on the coast of the ocean and rivers
Interesting Fact: The Kwakiutl tribe traded with other tribes and would use large dugout canoes as transportation. Their war canoes could be up to sixty feet long.

Columbia River Coast

Kwakiutl Clothing

Kwakiutl House and Totem Poles

Kwakiutl Canoe

Kwakiutl Village

Totem Poles

Totem Poles

Arctic

Arctic - Inuit
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Location: Alaska and Canada
Climate: Cold, icy
Clothing: Sealskin and caribou skin
Food: Sea and land mammals – whales, seals, caribou
Type of housing: Permanent earth and stone pithouses; igloos during the summer
Interesting fact: People today still use the Inuit designed kayak. The original kayaks were covered by sealskin and are extremely buoyant.

Inuit pithouse

Pithouse Entrance

Pithouse Entrance

Inuit Igloo

Inuit Clothing