Coal
Transportation
by
Inland
Waterways
S. K. Shahi
Secretary, IWAI
New Delhi, 10.07.2012
•1
IWT in the past
IWT was important mode in the past
• In 19th century steamers were plying from Kolkata
up to Garhmukteshwar and Dibrugarh in the Ganga
& Brahmaputra respectively
•
Development of Railways & Roads gave IWT a
setback
•
In 1970s, IWT for NER revived with IWT&T Protocol
between India & Bangladesh
•
In 1980s and 1990s, CIWTC used to ply vessels
from Kolkata to Guwahati and Karimganj routes
•
Transported over 4 lakh tonne cargo in 1989-90,
now engaged only in lighterage movement
2
IWT - Advantages
Fuel efficiency: One HP
moves
Kgs
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
4000
One liter of fuel moves
(T-km)
105
120
85
Road
80
24
40
Rail
0
IWT
Road Rail IWT
Road
150
500
Rail
6
IWT
4
Operating cost (international level)
Cents /T km
5.2
2.5
Road
1
2
0
Road Rail IWT
Road
Rail
IWT
Rail
IWT
3
IWT – Advantages
contd…

Best suited for bulk cargo (coal, minerals, foodgrains, fertilizers, cement, flyash etc), ODC and
hazardous goods

Provides seaport - hinterland connectivity

Less development & maintenance
compared to Railways and Roads

All weather mode of transport

Can supplement Roads and Railways

Strategic importance for North Eastern Region
cost
4
Other advantages of IWT mode
• Safest mode
 For each IWT fatality, there are 22.7 fatalities related to
Rail and 155 in r/o Roads
• Reduction of trucks from roads (decongestion)
 One 1000 tonne barge = 100 trucks
• Corridor capacity
 While Road & Rail are stretched to limits, waterways in
India have huge unutilised capacity
5
Other advantages of IWT mode
• Most environment friendly
Tons of
CO2
per
Million
Tonmiles
• Minimal land acquisition
6
Inland waterways & Coal transportation
…….global scenario
World's coal reserves
South Africa
Ukraine 4%
Kazakhstan
4%
Serbia
2%
4%
Germany
5%
United States
29%
India
8%
Coal is the largest commodity
by volume moving on
waterways
–USA’s thermal power
plants use waterways for
> 20 % of coal
–Germany: 45%
Australia
10%
China
14%
Russia
20%
–China: 17%
–India: practically nil
7
Power Sector Overview
Installed Capacity –Fuel wise
Renewable
Nuclear
3%
Installed Capacity
[GW]
2007
124
By 2012
190
By 2017
290
By 2022
425
By 2027
575
By 2032
800
10%
Hydro
20%
Diesel
1%
Year
Coal
54%
Gas
10%
Generation Installed Capacity (as on 31.12.2011) : 187 GW
8
Coal: demand - supply gap
800
• Power generation
capacity: a critical
700
requirement
• Coal: the main source 600
of energy
500
• Current coal demand:
400
696 MMT
• May become 1000
300
MMT by 2017
• Estimated coal to be 200
imported : 137 MMT 100
696.03
656.31
597.98
550
573.42
535.23
559
497.29
COAL DEMAND(MMT)
DOMESTIC (MMT)
IMPORTED(MMT)
137.03
52.71
62.75
82.89
0
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
9
Need for import of thermal coal
• Shortage of domestic coal
• Growth of installed capacity > production of
domestic coal; making import of coal inevitable
• MoP has been directing generating companies for
import of coal
• CEA has also issued advisory for designing new
boilers suitable for blending ratio of 30:70
(imported: domestic coal) or higher
Hence, imported coal will play a key role in
generating thermal power
10
Coal transportation bottlenecks
• Railway Congestion
• Shortage of rakes
• Shortage of bottom opening wagons
Railway network has its own limitations in terms of
zonal capacities, inter-zone re-deployment of
rakes, etc.
• Port congestion
• Low draft at some ports like Haldia

Hence, overdependence on railways needs to be
reduced: road is out of question : IWT a realistic
supplementary option, especially for imported coal
11
Waterways of India
• 14,500 km of potential
waterways
• Role of IWAI: Develop
infrastructure
and
regulate movement on
NWs
• 3 NWs developed
• Two more NW (4 & 5)
declared in 2008
• One
more
NW
declaration in process
• Other waterways to be
developed by States
12
13
14
TEJPUR
NAGALAND
SILGHAT
P
31C
I
N
D
I
JOGIGHOPA
DHUBRI
31
ASSAM
A
PANDU
DISPUR
37
P
37
36
INDO – BANGLADESH
PROTOCOL ROUTES
KOHIMA
DAIKHAWA
31
40
SHISHUMARA
SHILLONG
51
CHILMARI
MEGHALAYA
53
BAHADURABAD
34
MANIPUR
ZAKIGANJ
SYLHET
LAKHIPUR
BHANGA
KARIMGANJ
MARKULI
B A N G L A D E S
H
GODAGARI
SIRAJGANJ
RAJSHAHI
P
DHULIAN
BAGHABARI
BHAIRAB
BAZAR
ARICHA
IMPHAL
FENCHUGANJ
SHERPUR
AJMIRIGANJ
54
ASHUGANJ
44
TRIPURA
DHAKA
53
P
AKHAURA
AGARTALA
NARAYANGANJ
N
AIZWAL
MIZORAM
P
Legend
CHANDPUR
2
35
KOLKATA
P
6
KHULNA
BARISAL
P
CHALNA
KAUKHALI
P
MONGLA
41
HALDIA
ANGTIHARA
P
NAMKHANA
Bay of Bengal
Declared National waterway
Proposed National waterway
Protocol route
Road
Rail
NH
51
Protocol route distances
Kolkata - Guwahati/Pandu ...... 1535 km
Kolkata - Karimganj...................1318 km
Dhulian-Rajshahi...........................7815
km
15
KOTTAPURAM
N
National Waterway-3
17
West Coast Canal
ALUVA
(Kottapuram – Kollam)
Champakkara & Udyogamandal canals
UDYOGAMANDAL CANAL
49
KAKKANAD(CSEZ)
CHAMPAKKARA CANAL
MARADU
KOCHI
River distance
Kottapuram - Kollam
Udyogamandal canal
Champakkara canal
Total length
168 km
23 km
14 km
205 km
VAIKOM
47
K
CHERTHALA
THANNERMUKKOM
LOCK CUM BARRAGE
E
ALAPPUZHA
220
R
A
THRIKKUNNAPUZHA THRIKKUNNAPUZHA
LOCK GATE
L
Arabian Sea
KAYAMKULAM
A
CHAVARA
KOLLAM
Legend
Waterway alignment
Road
Rail
Important places
208
16
Development cost- Rs 1515 cr
(2010prices)
Notified on 25.11.2008
17
Development cost- Rs 4210 cr (2010 prices)
Notified on 25.11.2008
18
Proposed National Waterway – 6 : River Barak


Length –121 km
Development cost -Rs 120 cr (at 2011
prices)

Status: Declaration in process
Bhanga
Stretch
Km
Bhanga - Lakhipur
121
Badarpu
r
Silcha
r
19
Inland waterways Advantage
With so many
waterways, their nonutilisation for
transportation of coal is
a great opportunity
loss for the country
20
• Transportation of imported coal to
hinterland TPS ideal for IWT
 Haldia to Farakka TPS; a success story
in making
• For domestic coal too Coastal Shipping
& IWT movement possible for MCL coal

Coastal
vessel
is
Paradip/Dhamra Port
loaded
at
• Lighterage at Haldia into IWT vessel for supplying coal to
TPS on Ganga or Brahmaputra
• Coastal vessel can directly supply coal at Budge Budge &
Bandel TPS
• With many thermal power plants located along Ganga and
many steel plants near east coast there is tremendous
scope for waterways for coal transportation
21
Thermal power plants along NW-1
Muzaffarpur
8
14
Barauni
Buxar
Allahabad
15
19
12
6
Kahalgaon
13
Bhagalpur9
Barh 11
10
18
Bara
Karchana
16
17
Anapara
Obra
8
THANK
YOU
Lakhisarai
7 Pirpainti
6
5
Farakka
Installed power: around 15,000 MW
20
Total coal requirement: around 75 MMTPA

Imported coal: around 15 MMTPASagardighi
NTPC Plants
State Govt Plants
Proposed Power Plants
Bandel
Expansion
3
Budge Budge 2
Kolaghat
8
4
1
Haldia
22
Coal transportation by inland
waterways from Bay of Bengal
to Farakka TPS: a success story
in making
23
• NTPC’s TPS at Farakka & Kahalgaon face acute
shortage of coal
• They require 3-4 MMT of imported coal
• But due to several reasons, transportation of this coal
has been a difficult and costly proposition for NTPC
 Draft constraint at Haldia: Available draft-7.0 m
 High waiting time at Paradip port
 Limited rake availability for transportation from port
 High Logistics cost leads to high delivered cost of
coal
 Handling/ transition losses
 Delayed delivery leading to additional losses
24








After sustained persuasion by IWAI, NTPC gave
commitment for transportation of 3 MMTPA imported
coal by IWT for these plants for 7 years
IWAI & NTPC developed a project with entire funding
by private sector
Project comprises of: Transhipment equipment at sea;
about 40 barges; a terminal at Farakka; and coal
conveyors from terminal to coal stack yard at Farakka
Approximate cost: Rs 650 crore
By open tendering Jindal ITF identified as L1 bidder
Tripartite agreement signed among IWAI, NTPC &
Jindal ITF on 11.8.11
Supply of coal to start in December, 2012
This could be a path breaking project for IWT in India
25
Support provided by IWAI/NTPC
• Guaranteed cargo by NTPC- 3 MMTPA for 7 years
• Assurance from IWAI to provide LAD OF 2.5 Mts.
between Haldia- Farakka for at least 330 days in a
year
– Suitable for 1500 T – 2000 T barges
•
•
•
•
Vertical clearance of 10 Mts.
Assured night navigation facility
Connectivity through DGPS stations
Facilitation of transfer of land at Farakka for terminal
26
Current Status of Coal Transportation
Project
• M/s JITF finalized the contract for
transshiper in March, 2012.
• Trial run of barges undertaken successfully.
• Orders place for barges at different
shipyards.
• Work for construction of Jetty at Farakka
commenced.
• Movement to start by December, 2012.
JITF PROPOSED SOLUTION
Transshipper at high sea
Barges on NW-1
Destination
: Jetty with grab unloaders at destination
28
Logistics Solution for Coal Transportation on Haldia - Farakka stretch
Conveyer Belt
NTPC Plant, Farakka
Vessel types
River Barge
Tug and Dumb Barge
Estuarine Ship
Pushboat and Dumb Barges
30
Conclusion
• IWAI is geared to provide assured navigation channel with
night navigation aids in three operational NWs
• With 10-11 TPS already in the vicinity of NW-1 and 10 more
coming up; it will be unfortunate if we still do not use IWT for
coal transportation thereon
• Railways can simply not meet this demand- if waterways are
not used, power generation will suffer- there is no other way
• Haldia- Farakka coal transportation project can therefore be a
trailblazer
• Key to this project was long term cargo assurance by NTPC
• Success of this project is being keenly awaited
With long term cargo commitment from shippers; and
assured waterway from IWAI; private sector will come
forward to invest in vessels and even infrastructure on
case to case basis
31
Thank you
32