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Lab 13.3: Fruits,
Nuts, & Seeds
Fruit: Matured Ovary
• Fruit- matured ovary and other floral parts; used to be a flower
1 flower, 1 ovary
1 flower, many ovaries
Nut: Matured Ovary
• Nut- matured ovary and
other floral parts with hard
shell; used to be a flower
Seed Dispersal
• Dispersal: movement away from an
existing population
• Animals
– Birds: reliant on color when finding food
– Mammals: seeds pass through digestive
system, may contain laxative
– Insects: have excellent senses of smell or
color vision or both
Seed Dispersal
• Wind
– Usually light (low density) &
aerodynamic
– May have wings
• Water
– For plants that grow in or near
large bodies of water (eg.
coconut)
– Low density: float
– Must be somewhat waterproof
p. 707 A.Q. 1ab, 2ab, 3abc
p. 707 A.Q. 1ab, 2ab, 3abc
1a. Describe how fruits form.
1a. Fruits form as seeds mature and ovary walls thicken. The mature ovary is
the fruit.
1b. Is a pumpkin a fruit? Describe any evidence you use in making your
inference.
1b. A pumpkin is a fruit. A pumpkin forms the ovary of a flower and it has
seeds inside.
p. 707 A.Q. 1ab, 2ab, 3abc
2a. Describe two methods of seed
dispersal.
2a. Methods of seed dispersal
include movement of seeds by
animals, wind, and water.
2b. A new angiosperm species is
discovered. What questions would
you ask before predicting how its
seeds are dispersed? Explain the
rationale for asking each question.
2b. Your response here! Example: Is
the fruit fleshly? If yes, then it will
probably be eaten by animals. Are
the fruits dry, light weight, or
buoyant? If yes, they may be
dispersed by wind or water.
p. 707 A.Q. 1ab, 2ab, 3abc
3a. Summarize the environmental factors that affect seed germination.
3a. Temperature and moisture affect seed germination.
3b. Why is it adaptive for some seeds to remain dormant before they
germinate?
3b. Dormancy enables a seed to survive until environmental conditions
become favorable. Dormancy may also allow for long-distance dispersal.
3c. The seeds of a bishop pine germinate only after exposure to the extreme
heat of a forest fire. Evaluate the significance of this structural adaptation.
3c. Since most of the trees in the forest will be destroyed by the fire, this
adaption decreases competition for resources, thus creating a favorable
environment. It also helps ensure that the species will survive fires.
p. 278 A.Q. 2abc
p. 278 A.Q. 2abc
2a. What is asexual
reproduction? What is sexual
reproduction?
2a. Asexual reproduction is the
production of offspring from only
one parent. Sexual reproduction
is the production of offspring
from two parents.
Kalanchoe Plant: Asexual Reproduction
2b. What types of organisms reproduce sexually?
2b. Most animals and plants reproduce sexually, as do some single-celled
organisms.
p. 278 A.Q. 2abc
2c. What are the advantages and disadvantages of both asexual and sexual
reproduction?
2c. Asexual reproduction occurs rapidly, enabling a population to increase
rapidly. However, the offspring of asexual reproduction are genetically
identical and may not survive a change in the environment. Sexual
reproduction takes longer, so a population does not grow as fast. However,
the offspring of sexual reproduction have a mix of genetic material from the
two parents that might help the population survive if the environment
changes.
Pollen Dispersal
• Animals
– pollen is usually barbed or
sticky
– Mammals, birds, insects (bees, flies, etc.)
• Wind
– pollen is usually light &
aerodynamic
• Water
– for plants that grow underwater
Unit 5 Vocabulary
24. fertilization- the joining of sperm and egg
16. pollen tube- grows towards egg & contains two sperm nuclei
Unit 5 Vocabulary
22. seed- plant embryo and food
supply enclosed together in a
protective seed coat
21. endosperm- energy-rich tissue
that nourishes a seedling as it grows
23. fruit- energy-rich tissue that
contains one or more seeds