Adaptation Potentials of Green Structures
to Urban Heat Island in Urban
Morphological Types of Dar Es Salaam,
Tanzania
Deusdedit Kibassa
Supervisors:
1. Riziki Shemdoe (Ph.D)-ARU
2. Sarah Lindley (Ph.D)-(UoM)
Research issue
• In most developing countries, green plants,
spaces and structures are disappearing quickly
at the expense of physical and population
densification and poor planning (Mung’ong’o
2005). As climate change increases and
temperatures rise the cooling effect of urban
green spaces will become increasingly important
(NCRA, 2007).
Research issue cont.....
• There is limited knowledge on the role urban
green structures can play in mitigating climate
variability induced hazards specifically the
changing temperatures. This study aims in
assessing dynamism of green spaces is Dar es
Salaam and their adaptation potentials to urban
heat island (UHI) in different urban
morphological types (UMT) in the Dar es
Salaam.
Objectives
Main Objectives
• The main objective of the study is to establish
how green structures in Dar es Salaam shrink
and their adaptation potentials to urban heat
island (UHI) in different urban morphological
types.
Specific Objectives
• To identify and map all the urban morphological
types (UMT) of Dar es Salaam.
• To establish the dynamism of green spaces
within urban morphological types in Dar es
Salaam
• To establish temperature variations between and
within urban morphological types (UMT).
• To establish the regulating impact of green
spaces on urban heat island (UHI).
Study area
• Location of Dar es Salaam
- Latitudes 6036’ and 70.0’ South and
Longitudes 3900’ and 33033’ East
• Climate of Dar es Salaam
- Equatorial climate, hot and humid throughout
the year
- Average temperature of 29ºC.
- Average rainfall is 1000mm (800mm 1300mm).
- Humidity is around 96% in the mornings and
67% in the afternoons.
Study Area: (a) Geographical location of Tanzania in Africa, (b) Dar es Salaam in Tanzania,
and (c) Municipalities and topographical distribution of Dar es Salaam (Kebede and
Nicholls, 2011).
Methodology
Specific
Objective/Research
question
Type of data
collected/variable
Data
collection
technique
Data
Expected results and
analysis presentation
procedur
es/tool
What are the existing
urban morphological
types (UMT) of Dar es
Salaam?
-Land use and land cover
types
Land use
maps
-Arch GIS
-Map showing UMTs of Dar es
Salaam produced
What are the historical -Dynamism / size of green -Aerial
analysis (type and size structures
and
their orthophotos,
from 2002 to 2008) of shrinkage over time
green structures in Dar
es Salaam?
-Arch GIS
-Dynamism of urban green
structures (through land cover
analysis)
from 2002 to 2008
established
-Database or list and map of green
structures using GIS produced
-Assessment of urban green
structures using GIS conducted
How does temperature
vary in between UMTs
and what are the
regulating impacts of
green spaces to urban
heat island?
-One Wire -Report on the evaluation of the
Viewer
potential of urban green spaces
within different (UMT) as a
measure for adapting to the
impacts of urban heat island (UHI)
produced.
-Temperature variations
-iButtons
Progress to date
• The UMT and their map (shp files) are ready
(Objective 1)
• Land cover classes ready (Objective 2)
• Land cover analysis in progress (Objective 2)
• Sample shield prepared and testing together
with the iButtons in progress (Objective 3)
• Criteria for sitting iButtons established (Objective
3)
Experimental set up for testing of
temperature sensor shield
Other photos of Dar es Salaam
Dar es Salaam floods, December 2012