Chapter 22 Study Notes
The Atmosphere
Chapter 22 Section 1
Characteristics of the Atmosphere
atmosphere is a mixture
1. The __________
of______,
gases primarily nitrogen, oxygen,
and argon, that surrounds Earth.
compounds
2. The two most abundant __________
in the atmosphere are ______
carbon ______
dioxide
and water vapor.
3. One effect of air pollution is
destruction
ozone ____.
layer
________ of the _____
salt and pollen are all
4. Dust, ____,
particulates in the atmosphere.
__________
5. Atmospheric pressure is
barometer
measured with a ________.
troposphere is the lowest
6. The __________
layer of the atmosphere, where all
weather conditions exist.
_______
stratosphere is the layer of
7. The __________
the atmosphere which contains the
______
ozone layer.
mesosphere is the coldest
8. The __________
layer of the atmosphere in which
temperature decreases as altitude
increases.
thermosphere is the uppermost
9. The ___________
layer of the atmosphere ; includes the
ionosphere.
10. Interactions between solar radiation
ionosphere cause auroras
and the __________
______.
inversions can
11. Temperature _________
intensify the effect of smog when
cool, polluted ground air is trapped
by warm air.
12. One harmful effect of
inversions is _______.
temperature ________
smog
Chapter 22 Section 2
Solar Energy and the Atmosphere
13. Energy from the sun travels to
radiation
Earth as _________.
spectrum is
14. The electromagnetic _______
all of the frequencies or
electromagnetic
wavelengths of _____________
radiation.
15. The solar radiation least absorbed
by the layers of the atmosphere before
reaching Earth is ______
visible ______.
light
Albedo is the fraction of solar
16. _______
radiation reaching Earth that is
reflected.
Solar radiation that is not
17. _____
reflected back into the atmosphere
absorbed by surface materials.
is _________
infrared rays that
18. After Earth absorbs ________
heat the ground, thermal energy is absorbed
_______
by the atmosphere from the _________.
ground
19. The warming of the surface and lower
atmosphere of Earth that occurs when
carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases
in the air trap heat near Earth’s surface is
known as the ____________
greenhouse ______.
effect
20. A _____
delay between Earth’s
absorption of solar energy and an
increase in temperature makes the
warmest part of a day in the ________.
afternoon
_______
Conduction is the transfer of
21. _________
energy as heat through a material.
Convection is the movement of
22. _________
matter due to differences in density
caused by temperature variations.
Chapter 22 Section 3
Atmospheric Circulation
Coriolis ______is
Effect
23. The ______
the
curving of the path of a moving
object from an otherwise straight
rotation
path due to Earth’s ________.
Coriolis
24. Because of the _______
Effect
_______,
an object that travels
north from the equator will curve to
the right.
25. Convection
________ cells are the three
looping patterns of air flow that
exist in each hemisphere.
Prevailing winds that blow
26. ________
through the middle of the United
States are called _________.
Westerlies
27. The _____
trade winds of the Northern
and Southern Hemispheres meet at the
equator in a narrow zone of weak
doldrums
variable winds called __________.
28. The narrow bands of highspeed winds that blow in the upper
jet streams
atmosphere are called ___
______.
Local winds are influenced by
29. _____
local conditions
_______ and local
temperature.
Land breezes blow cool air
30. ____
from _____
land to water.
_____
THE END!!!