Stuart S. Sumida
Biology 342
(Over) Simplified Phylogeny of
Mammalia
Memorize this.
Just kidding.
Proboscidea
Perissodactylia
Cetcacea
Artiodactylia
Carnivora
Chiroptera
Primates
Rodentia
Lagomorpha
Edentata
Marsupalia
Monotremata
Proboscidea
Perissodactylia
Cetcacea
Artiodactylia
Carnivora
Primates
Rodentia
Lagomorpha
Edentata
Marsupalia
Monotremata
Chiroptera
Mammalia:
•Mammary glands
•Hair
•Dentary-squamosal jaw-joint
•Dentary – single bone of lower jaw
•Three middle ear ossicles
•Muscles of facial expression
•Muscular diaphragm
MONOTREMATA:
•Most basal of living mammals.
•Retain primitive anmiote feature of laying eggs.
•Includes only a few relict living forms including duckbilled platypus and spiny anteater.
Theria:
•Mammals with internal development
•Placenta
Proboscidea
Perissodactylia
Cetcacea
Artiodactylia
Carnivora
Chiroptera
Primates
Rodentia
Lagomorpha
Edentata
Marsupalia
Monotremata
METATHERIA (Marsupalia):
•The pouch mammals
•Choriovittiline (chorion + yolk sac) placenta
•Living forms have epipubic bones (the
primitive placentals probably did as well.)
•Restricted primarily to Australi currently,
though one form remains in North America
(Didelphis; the Virginia oppossum).
Kangaroos can be almost orthograde
Eutheira:
“True placental mammals”
With extended internal development
Chorioallantoicplacenta
Proboscidea
Perissodactylia
Cetcacea
Artiodactylia
Carnivora
Chiroptera
Primates
Rodentia
Lagomorpha
Edentata
Marsupalia
Monotremata
Mammalian Highlights / Features of Note:
•Primates are a very early offshoot within Mammalia.
•The relationships of basal mammals are not terribly clear –
as noted by the polychotomy between edentates, glires
(rodents + lagomorphs), primates, and bats.
•Cetaceans are actually most closely related to artiodactyls
(pigs actually)!
•Elephants and their kin are amongst the most derived of
mammals
Many, many taxa are left out here.