Independent Energy Producers
2011 Annual Meeting - October 5, 2011
Stanford Sierra Conference Center – Fallen Leaf, CA
It’s A 60 Hertz World: Renewable Integration
Jim Mcintosh
Director, Executive Operations Advisor
California ISO
The Challenges For Grid Stability
CAISO “The Physic’s Police” – Jan Smutny- Jones, 2009
•
Variable generation short term forecasting
•
Generation fleet characteristic changes – synchronous to asynchronous
•
Maintaining capacity with fast ramping, fast start capacity, inertia, frequency
response
•
Maintaining capacity with regulation, load following and operations reserves
•
Maintaining capacity with dynamic voltage and var control
•
Reliability with fewer gas powered plants to maintain grid stability
•
Cost containment – update on increased regulation and operating reserves
We need to strike a balance between reliability, renewables, and reasonable cost
to keep the grid stable and reliable.
1
The 2-3 year look-ahead: renewable resource portfolios
in 2006 and 2012 (20% RPS), by capacity (MW)
7,000
6,000
MW
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
-
2006
2012 (expected)
Biomass/Biogas
701
Solar
420
Geothermal
1,101
Small Hydro
614
Wind
2,648
701
2,246
2,341
614
6,688
2
The ISO grid control room faces significant short- and
long-term challenges
• Uncertainty of grid infrastructure
development
• Ramping requirements significantly
increased
• Continued improvement of control room
tools
• Load and wind short term forecasting
accuracy
1. Wind and solar
variability will be a
significant issue by
2012-2013.
2. Synchrophasors are
the most significant
advancement in
control center
technology in the last
30 years.
• Rapid changes in grid generation fleet,
especially wind and solar technologies
3
Wind Variability in 2011
New record wind production
Each cell is 2 hours
Day ahead schedule
Green is actual production
About 40 mws
4
Photovoltaic Plant Output on a Partly-Cloudy Day
10 Second Sample – March 25, 2008
5
July 3rd Solar Event – 65% Production Drop
Peaked @ 393.02
Dropped 65% in 40 minutes to 132.40
8 a.m.
9 a.m.
10 a.m.
11 a.m.
12 p.m.
1 p.m.
2 p.m.
3 p.m.
4 p.m.
6
Requirements for Integration of Renewables
Resources Required for Renewables Integration
“Partners in Success”
Wind
Generation
Generation
Portfolio
Quick Start Units
Fast Ramping
Solar
Generation
Wider Operating
Range (lower Pmin)
Regulation capability
Storage
Shift Energy from
off-peak to on-peak
Mitigate Over
Generation
Voltage Support
Regulation
capability
Demand
Response
Hydro
Generation
Price sensitive load
Responsive to ISO
dispatches
Frequency
Responsive
Geo-thermal
Generation
Responsive to Wind
Generation Production
7