Unit 3: Individual Needs
in Health and Social Care
3. Be able to plan to meet the health and
wellbeing needs of an individual
Assessment 3
BTEC Level 2 First Health and Social Care – Unit 3: Individual Needs in Health and Social Care
My life: Plan for health
• If you had to improve one
thing about your health,
what would it be?
• How would you plan to
make these changes?
3. Be able to plan to meet the health and
wellbeing needs of an individual
This section you will take part in:
• Planning to meet the health and wellbeing
needs of an individual
• Producing a health plan
Topics discussed in this section:
• Everyday and health needs
• Assessing the needs
• Planning
Key terms
• Assessment– the on-going process of gathering,
analysing and reflecting on evidence to make an
informed decision
• Confidential –information that should be kept
secret. It has been entrusted only to the person
to whom it has been communicated
Everyday and health needs
When producing a health plan think of:
• PIES (including spiritual)
Consider health factors such as:
• Diabetes
• Asthma
• Emphysema, etc.
Case study: Marie, Jonny and Colette
Marie-58 yrs old
Over the last few
months she has
noticed that she
has put on weight.
She used to weigh
53 kg but she now
weighs 65 kg and
feels very
uncomfortable.
Marie is certain
that she needs to
lose weight.
Jonny- 19 yrs old
Colette-25 yrs old
Marie’s son. He drinks
too much and he knows it.
On Fri & Sat, he goes with
friends, comes home late
and feels bad on Sun &
Mon. He’s tried ecstasy a
few times; great while it
lasts, and easy to get hold
of, but he’s worried he
might get used to taking
it. He is pretty sure now
that he needs to drink less
and keep away from
ecstasy.
She has asthma and
needs to have regular
medication including
an inhaler. She
sometimes forgets to
take it with her and
recently was
hospitalised after a
severe asthma attack
while she was out
with friends. Colette
knows that she must
remember her
medication.
Choose one of these individuals
Marie
Think about all the
PIESS needs that
would be met if they
carried out their plans
towards better health
Don’t forget, this is not
just about physical
health
S
Jonny
Colette
I
P
E
S
Working with individuals to meet their health and wellbeing needs
Assess their needs & work together
• Ask simple questions about:
▫ Their background
▫ Lifestyle
▫ Why do they want to make changes
• Ask about:
▫ Age – how old are they (life stage)
▫ Preferences (for example, what kinds of exercise do they
like, do they prefer morning or evening for a walk, etc.)
Remember: you are working in a position of trust
Confidentiality
• Service providers have lots of
confidential information about service
users
• This must be safe guarded and kept
secure
• Data Protection Act 1998 protects
people’s rights to confidentiality no
matter how it may be stored
• You must be careful not to breach any
rules of confidentiality
• Confidentiality is very serious and
must be respected at all times
Confidentiality is important in health and social care
Consequence will be…
Service user might be…
• Loss of trust
• Less likely to say how he or she
really feels or share a problem
• Lower self-esteem
• Likely to feel unvalued and as
though they don’t matter
• Insecurity
• Feeling their property and
personal safety is threatened
• Discrimination
• Treated differently by others
If confidentiality and trust is broken; the consequences can be difficult to repair
Confidentiality: there are times….
It can be appropriate to breach
confidentiality:
• If service users are at risk
▫ To themselves
▫ To others
▫ If they have broken or about to break the
law
There may be times when it might be
necessary to pass information on to an
appropriate colleague or authority
▫
If in doubt, always check with your
manager/tutor
Assessment
• Why are age and preferences important when
you start to carry out an assessment?
• Why is confidentiality important when you are
collecting information from or about an
individual?
How to assess a person’s needs so that a plan can be drawn up
to meet these needs
My life: How are you?
• If you wanted to find out how healthy
you are, what facts would you need to
find out from your doctor?
• If you wanted to find out about the
health of a large sample of people, how
would you do this?
Physical and physiological measurements
• Physical: to do with the body. This
includes measures such as height and
weight
• Physiological: to do with the normal
functions of the body. This means
measures such as blood pressure, pulse or
cholesterol levels
• Rate: a measure of something compared
with something else, such as litres per
second or beats per minute
• Diagnose: to identify a medical condition
Aspects of health that can be measured
Height/weight
Blood pressure
Temperature
Resting pulse
and recovery
pulse rates
after exercise
Peak flow
Measurable
aspects of
health
Hip/waist
ratio
Cholesterol levels
Liver function
Blood glucose
Body Mass Index (BMI)
• A measure of the amount of fat in your body in
relations to your height
• BMI formula:
BMIs
for
adults
Adult
Significance
Less than 18.5
Underweight
18.5-24.9
Healthy weight
25-29.9
Overweight
30+
Obese
Peak flow
• Measure of the maximum rate (the expiratory flow rate)
in litres per minute, at which air is expelled from the
lungs when breathed out as hard as possible
• Blowing into it, lips sealed firmly round the mouthpiece,
causes a pointer to move to a certain point; peak flow can then
be read off the scale. Do this three times and take the highest
reading
• Most common reasons for recording
peak flow:
▫ Monitor asthma for medication
effectiveness
▫ Diagnose lung problems by
comparing the actual reading to
expected score chart based on age
and gender
Peak flow chart of expected scores
Expected normal
scores of peak flow
based on:
• Age
• Gender
• Good health
Blood pressure
• Blood pressure: the pressure exerted by your
blood against the walls of the arteries
▫ Measured in millimetres of mercury as two numbers
▫ Varies from person to person
▫ Normal blood pressure at rest: 140/90
• Top number: systolic pressure – maximum
pressure in the arteries as the heart pumps blood
out
• Bottom number: diastolic pressure – the
minimum blood pressure as the heart relaxes
between beats
High blood pressure is
called hypertension
• Can lead to stroke
• Heart disease
Low blood pressure is
called hypotension
• Can lead to dizziness
• Can indicate a more
serious problem such as
Parkinson’s disease
Pulse rate
• Pulse rate measures how
strongly the heart is beating
• Force of the heart pumping
blood around the arteries
causes a pulsing sensation
• Measured as beats per minute
• At rest a healthy pulse in a
young adult is around 70
beats per minute
• What is meant by assessing needs?
• Name three ways of collecting information to put
together a person’s personal history
• Explain how to actually measure three different
measures of health
This topic looks at ways to put together a health plan
Key term: Targets – short and longer term
challenges to help you meet your goal
My life: A good plan?
• Think of something you have
done that needed planning, such
as going on a holiday with a
friend, doing a project at school
or revising for exams. How did
you set about drawing up a plan?
• What made your plan work well?
• What made your plan work less
well?
Planning: SMART targets
• Specific –target must be clearly stated, such as
lose one kilo in weight in one week or take a 30
minute walk twice a week-it is clear and
cannot be misunderstood or used as an excuse
• Measurable – it is too vague to say “eat more
fruit”: an amount must be stated, so you can
prove that you have met the target
• Achievable –be possible to achieve the target;
otherwise you might give up. Asking someone
to give up smoking in a week or walk 3 miles
each day for four days, may not be achievable
• Realistic – must be able to do it. It is
unrealistic to expect someone who is older and
not very fit to run for 30 min a day
• Time-related – there should be a deadline for
reaching the target so progress can be assessed
Action plan
• Start by stating the problem to be
tackled
• Indicate what needs to be done to meet
each target and by whom
• Suggest alternatives; if things don’t work
• Outline any resources needed to meet
targets
• Budget for the plan
• Implement the plan
• Monitor targets
Monitor and review
• Set SMART targets that can be monitored regularly
• Amend plan if necessary to meet longer-term
targets and goals
• Review targets (may need to start over again)
• Choose different targets to improve chances of
success
• Planning Cycle – the process of setting targets,
reviewing them after a certain time, amending the
plan with new targets, is called the planning cycle
A simple plan: The Planning Cycle
Set a SMART target and monitor regularly
Review the Target
Amend the Target
GOAL
The Planning Cycle
Summary
Mission
or Target
SMART
targets
Summary of the features of a plan
• A statement outlining the health or wellbeing needs
of the individual, based on an assessment of present
health status through the use of physical measures
of health and wellbeing
▫ May include a summary of factors leading to these
needs and the expected benefits
• SMART targets (short and long term)
▫ Strategies to meet targets with alternatives to
overcome any obstacles
• Regular monitoring and reviewing progress of
targets
• Strategies to maintain improvement in health and
wellbeing
Individual
person
SMART
targets
Long-term
SMART
targets
Short-term
Statement of individual’s
health and wellbeing needs
Assessment of
present health
status
Use of physical
measures
Strategies to
meet targets
Including
alternatives
Summary of
factors and
expected benefits
Regular
monitoring &
reviewing
Features of a plan for health and wellbeing
Strategies to maintain
improvement to health and
wellbeing
Outline the health & wellbeing needs of the individual based on an assessment
Sample Care plan for Ilsa Vinegars
Date
Need
Aim
Action
Evaluation
22/04
Ilsa has hearing loss
and has new hearing
aids. She needs to be
able to communicate
with those around
her.
Ilsa to
manage her
own hearing
aid
including
insertion,
cleaning and
checking
batteries
Jasmin to
show Ilsa how
to put her
hearing aids in
effectively and
keep them
clean and
check the
battery.
By 26/06 Ilsa will
be managing her
hearing aid and will
be able to take part
in conversations,
listen to the radio
and watch
television.
This care plan shows how Ilsa’s hearing can be improved by management of
her new hearing aid
Models of
support
Advocacy
Resources
available
Networking
Theories
Normalisation
Empowerment
Meeting Individual Needs
Involvement of
service users &
carers
Assessment of
Needs
Activities of
daily living
Holistic and person-centred
approach to individual needs
The Care
Planning Cycle
Health
Care
Social
Services