45,888,000 people
 Ukrainians (77%)
 Russians (17%)
 Other (6%)
 603,628 km2
 Surrounded by Poland, Romania, Russia,
Belarus and the Black Sea

Was an independent republic until 1917
 USSR took them over
 Independence war in 1941
 Independence from Soviet Union 1991
 Eastern Ukrainian Orthodox, Catholicism
and Judaism

Mix between European and Asian
 Minor modes/keys
 Augmented 2nd intervals
 Complex time signatures
 Harmonically complex
 Restricted during Soviet Rule
 Pidmanula Pidvela
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yV
gwo2MDAbo

Lira
 Basolia
 Hudok
 Bandura/Kobza

Domra
 Tsymbaly
 Classical Guitar
 Skrypka

Sopilka
 Kuvytsi
 Trembita
 Torban

Kobza/Bandura/Torban
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yG
AzGfDiBQM&feature=relmfu
 Sopilka/Tsymbaly
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=igN
xeyCzwiI
 Trembita
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zPd
3x_Hgb40 (1:35)

New years carol
 Arranged by Mykola Leontovych
 Acapella
 Based on a traditional folk chant

Starts of with two voices, soprano and
alto, (soprano carries melody, alto
carries harmonies) on the minor 3rd
 Voices come together in a crescendo
 Decrescendo in a descending motion
 Ascend with a crescendo twice
 Repeat this pattern
 End on the tonic, in piano

Born in Montana, U.S.A.
 Genre influences:

› Rock
› Instrumental R&B

Traditional influences:
› Appalachian
› Chinese
› Hawaiian
Plays piano, organ, and guitar
 Self made genre of folk piano
 Multiple piano solo albums
 Still preforms today

Based on Schedryk
 Ostinato pattern repeating throughout
 Minor 3rd, and a 5th – full I chord
 Ostinato pattern serves as harmony
througout
 Melody mirrors the chords an octave
higher

ABCA
 Incorporates shchedryk’s basic structure
 B and C sections have same ostinato
patterns for harmony
 Melody varies into complex patterns

Ostinato pattern throughout
 Based on Ukrainian folk chant
 In a minor key
 Both generally sung/played during winter
time

Shchedryk is acapella
 Carol of the bells is piano solo
 George Winston incorporates the V into
the ostinato making it into a full I chord
 Shchedryk is ABA
 Carol of the Bells is ABCA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yV
gwo2MDAbo
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yG
AzGfDiBQM&feature=relmfu
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=igN
xeyCzwiI
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zPd
3x_Hgb40
