Photovoltaic Applications
Eng. Firas Alawneh
Head of Photovoltaics (PV) Division
National Energy Research Center (NERC)
Royal Scientific Society (RSS)
Amman-Jordan
firas.alawneh@nerc.gov.jo
1
Outline
• Types of PV Systems
– Standalone “off-grid”
– Grid connected “on-grid”
• NERC’s PV projects implemented in Year 2014.
• NERC’s PV projects in progress.
2
Types of PV
Systems
Grid-connected
“on-grid”
Standalone
“off-grid”
Without
storage
Motors
“e.g. pumps”
With
storage
Hybrid
Systems
DC Systems
directly connected
to the public grid
with wind
turbine
connected to public
grid via house grid
AC Systems
with diesel
generator
with public
grid backup
3
Off-grid / Without battery storage / Direct-coupled DC system
PV Array
DC Load
4
Off-grid / Without battery storage / Direct-coupled DC system
Solar Water Heaters
5
Off-grid / Without battery storage / Power-conditioned DC system
PV Array
DC/DC Power
Conditioning
Unit
DC Load
6
Off-grid / Without battery storage / Power-conditioned DC system
DC Submersible Water Pumping System
PV Array
DC/DC Pump Controller
DC Submersible
Pump
Variable Voltage
(Proportional to Solar Intensity)
7
Off-grid / Without battery storage / Power-conditioned AC system
PV Array
DC/AC Power
Conditioning
Unit
AC Load
8
Off-grid / Without battery storage / Power-conditioned AC system
AC Submersible Water Pumping System
PV Array
DC/AC Pump Controller
AC Submersible
Pump
Variable Voltage & Frequency
(Proportional to Solar Intensity)
9
Off-grid / With battery storage / DC system
PV Array
Charge
&
Load
Controller
DC Load
Battery
10
Off-grid / With battery storage / DC system
Solar Home Systems & DC Industrial Systems
PV Array
Charge & Load Controller
DC Load
Battery
Bank
11
Off-grid / With battery storage / AC system
PV Array
Charge
Controller
DC/AC
Inverter
AC
Load
Battery
12
Off-grid / With battery storage / AC system
Solar Home Systems & AC Industrial Applications
Charge Controller
PV Array
AC Load
Battery
Bank
DC/AC Inverter
With fixed voltage & frequency
13
Off-grid / With battery storage / Hybrid System
PV Array
Other
Source
Charge
Controller
Power
Conditioning
Unit
DC-Coupled
DC/AC
Inverter
AC
Load
Battery
14
Off-grid / With battery storage / Hybrid System
Hybrid Solar/Wind
PV Array
Wind Controller
Wind Turbine
DC-Coupled
AC Load
Charge
Controller
Battery
Bank
DC/AC Inverter
15
Off-grid / With battery storage / Hybrid System
PV Array
PV
Inverter
Other
Source
Power
Conditioning
Unit
AC-Coupled
AC
Load
Grid Former
Battery
DC/AC
Inverter
16
Off-grid / With battery storage / Hybrid System
Hybrid Solar/Wind/Diesel
AC-Coupled
Inverters
AC Bus (3-phase)
17
On-grid PV Systems
• The grid is the network of cables by which electricity is
transported from power stations to houses, buildings &
other places.
• A grid connected PV system is linked to this grid or
electrical network. This means that it can deliver the
electricity it produces into the electricity network and
therefore no battery or other storage is needed.
18
On-grid PV Systems
19
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF GRID
CONNECTED PV SYSTEMS
PV GENERATOR
DC
M
PV
GRID
AC
kWh Counter
Net metering
The difference between
production-consumption
is measured
LOAD
PV GENERATOR
DC
M
PV
GRID
AC
M
Feed-in tariff
The total production of
energy is measured
LOAD
20
SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM OF A TYPICAL
GRID CONNECTED INVERTER
SG+
P
S1
S3
Self-commutated inverter, with
pulse width modulation and line
frequency transformer
S4
S2
Filter
SG-
N
Full bridge
Transformer
Switches S1,S2 cooperate during one half-period - S3,S4 during next half-period
Time
Pulse width modulation
PWM
21
PV Power Plant
Large PV power plants
22
Large on-grid PV power plants
23
Large Scale PV Systems
24
Building integrated photovoltaic systems BIPVs
25
Building Integrated PV (BIPV)
26
NERC’s PV Projects Implemented in Year 2014
• PV Street Lighting for Free Zone Muwaqar
• 1 MWp PV grid-connected system in Ma’an.
• 65 kWp PV grid-connected systems in Fefa.
27
NERC’s PV Projects in Progress
•
•
•
•
FOSTErinMED (ENPI/CBC-MED).
MED-SOLAR (ENPI/CBC-MED).
PV Street Lighting in Mafraq.
700 kWp PV grid-connected system in
Amman.
• 250 kWp PV grid-connected system in
Amman
28
Thanks
29