1884 – 1976
Bultmann’s main works concerned the historical nature of the Gospels.
Bultmann rejected the traditional idea that the Gospels were historical documents – instead the storied were entirely mythological
1922-
Hick rejects the orthodox
Christian beliefs about Jesus being God Incarnate, the 2 nd person of the Trinity, or any element of Jesus’ divinity

• Term given to approach of Bultmann & later by Hick
• Involves stripping away the mythological layers of meaning to find the true Gospel message
• None of the Gospel stories are supposed to be taken literally – all convey a hidden message in the same sense as some of the more commonly accepted Old Testament myths

• “It is impossible to use electric light & the wireless and to avail ourselves of modern medical and surgical discoveries and at the same time to believe in the New
Testament world of demons and spirits”
For Bultmann, demythologizing the New
Testament was essential if it was to retain meaning in the modern world.

• The story of 5 Loaves &
2 Fish (Feeding of 5 thousand)
• According to Bultmann, there was no such event.
• Representational symbols
• Golden Rule? God’s enduring love? Social harmony?

• Blind receiving sight
• Again, not to be taken literally, but mythologically:
• Having their eyes opened to the truth?
• Literary tools used by the
Gospel writers with which their 1 st century audience would have been familiar

• Traditional “truth claims” of Christianity are mythological, not literal:
• Incarnation
• Resurrection
• Trinity
References used to express mythological truths.

Everlasting life in heaven with
God?
Reforming a morally corrupt character?
Becoming alive in
Christ?
The enduring justice of the universe where good triumphs over evil?
Reaching potential as a human being?

• At what point do we stop stripping away the layers of symbol and settle on the truth? Does
God himself end up being a symbol? (is this a problem?)
• How can we know what the essential truths to be gained from such texts actually are? Can meaningful discussion take place if everything about religious faith is symbolic rather than literal?

• To what extent do you think the demytholizing of the Bible is necessary in order to talk meaningfully about God?