Islamic Civilization, Day 1 • • • • • Warm-up Map Notes on the origin and beliefs of Islam (through Five Pillars) Begin graphic organizer and terms SOL Review: Prehistory (Break out groups) – At-risk: Power point review questions. (Do on paper-go over and correct) and then gp. poster if time? – Stronger students might be able to review both prehistory and river valley civs today-do writing assignment based on graphic organizer tomorrow. – Other options: writing assignment or make a crossword/test/wordsearch , game, pamphlet, poster, movie, etc. using notes- stronger students will not need much review on material we just reviewed for midterm. Have to be careful about having fun activities for some and not others – Should we run-off booklets of powerpoints for at-risk? • The student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 A.D. (C.E.) by describing the origin, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Islam on a graphic organizer and terms list. Islamic Civilization, Day 2 1. Warm Up 2. Notes on the spread of Islam and Historical Turning points 3. Work on Graphic Organizer/Terms/ Review 4. SOL review: River Valley Civilizations (include maps from SOL map packet-maybe we can get the interactive board fixed?) • Stronger students could do a writing assignment based on the graphic organizer The student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 A.D. (C.E.) by identifying historical turning points that affected the spread and influence of Islamic civilization, with emphasis on the Sunni-Shi’a division and the Battle of Tours on a graphic organizer and terms list. Islamic Civilization, Day 3 • • • • • Warm-up Finish Notes Finish Packets Those who finish- work on posters, etc. I won’t be in class second half of third (IEP) or fourth (SOL Blast) Islamic Civilization, Day 4 • • • • Warm-up Test Begin Africa Meetings all day for me Warm-up 1 1. The belief in one God is called monotheism or polytheism? 2. While most early civilizations were polytheistic, the Hebrews or Egyptians were monotheistic. 3. The monotheism of Abraham or Gautama became the foundation for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. 4. The Holy Book of Judaism is the Torah or Vedas? 5. While Christianity, Judaism, and Islam share many of the same beliefs, only Christians believe that Moses or Jesus is the son of God. 6. Who stopped the Muslims from advancing into Europe at the Battle of Tours? Angles or Franks? 7. The Crusades were fought over control of Rome or Jerusalem? 8. The Crusades increased trade or power of the Pope? 9. Muslims conquered this area in the 700s. Ferdinand and Isabella reconquered it in 1492- France or Spain? Warm-up, Day 2 1. Islam began on which Peninsula? 2. Who was the founder and prophet of Islam? 3. What is the Holy Book of Islam? 4. One belief that Judaism, Christianity and Islam share is the belief in One God or Five Pillars 5. Muslims fast between sunrise and sunset during which holy month? 6. Muslims try to make a pilgrimage to which city? 7. The capital of the Muslim Empire was moved first to Damascus and later to -? Warm-up, Day 3 1. Baghdad 2. Damascus and Jerusalem 3. Mecca and Medina 4. Constantinople 5. Capital of the Islamic Empire that was conquered by the Mongols 4 1 2 6. What was one impact of this event? A. Muslim pilgrims no longer traveled to Medina. B. A permanent split occurred within the religion. C. Muslim teachers no longer made the Hajj. 7. At which number would the shrine on the left be located on the map? 4 1 2 3 8. Which city is important to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam? A. Rome B. Constantinople C. Mecca D. Jerusalem 9. At which number would the shrine on the left be located on the map? 4 1 2 3 10. In the Muslim Empire, which language helped trade and stimulated intellectual activity? A. Latin B. Greek C. Persian D. Arabic 11. What best completes the title of this map? 1. the Plague 2. Islam 3. Byzantines The Muslim World Origins of Islam • Arabian Peninsula (present-day Saudi Arabia) • The cities of Mecca and Medina • Based on the monotheism of Abraham. Muhammad • Muhammad is the founder of Islam. He is known as “The last and greatest Prophet” • He had a vision that there was only one God, “Allah”. • At first, Muhammad spread his monotheistic message in Mecca (the birthplace and holiest city of Islam). • He was driven from Mecca and fled to the city of Medina. • In Medina, he became a religious, political and military leader. Kaaba • After 10 years, he returned to Mecca and destroyed the idols at the Kaaba (Muslims believe that this shrine was built by the prophet Abraham). Muhammad Beliefs of Islam • One God: “Allah” • Quran (holy book) • Judeo-Christian prophets: Abraham, Moses and Jesus • Five pillars Quran Five Pillars of Islam • Declaration of Faith: There is only One God and Muhammad is his messenger • Daily Prayer (5 times a day – facing Mecca) • Alms to the poor (charity) • Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan • Pilgrimage (holy journey) to Mecca to visit the Kaaba (Hajj) • FAPPO The Five Pillars Daily Prayer • five times a day- facing Mecca Alms for the Poor • Charity Fasting • During the month of Ramadan no food or drink is taken from sunrise to sunset. Hajj • Pilgrimage to Mecca (if able) at least once during a person’s lifetime. The Hajj The Muslim Empire • At first, Islam spread along trade routes from Mecca and Medina • Muslims believed they had a duty to spread their religion and began to build a Muslim Empire. • Under the first four Caliphs (leaders), Muslims were able to take over the Fertile Crescent, Iran and Egypt, including the cities of Jerusalem and Damascus. • This was due in part to the weakness of the Byzantine and Persian Empires • Finally it spread into Central Asia, across Northern Africa and into Spain (Green areas) • The Muslim empire grew quickly despite great distances, deserts, and mountain barriers. Early History of Islam Damascus • After the murder of the fourth caliph, Ali, the Umayadd dynasty took power and moved the capital of the Muslim Empire to Damascus (in Syria). Baghdad • The next dynasty, the Abassids, moved the capital to Baghdad (Iraq) due to its location on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. • This location provided access to key trade routes which gave the caliph access to trade goods, gold, and information about the Empire. • The Muslim Empire did not stay politically united. • The empire began to split up into independent Muslim states (caliphates); but Muslims remained unified by a common religion, language, and trade. • In the High Middle Ages Islam spread into West Africa , Central and Southeast Asia. • Today Islam is the dominant religion in the Middle East, North Africa, and Indonesia Spread of Islam Sunni – Shi’a Division • After the death of Ali (661 CE), the Islamic religion split due to a disagreement over succession (choosing the next caliph). • The Shi’a believe the caliph should be a relative of Ali (–the 4th Caliph). • Shi’a Islam is the state religion of present-day Iran and the majority religion in Iraq and Lebanon. Sunni Muslims • The Sunni believed that the leader could be related to any of the first four caliphs. • The vast majority of Muslims belong to the Sunni sect. Major Sects of Islam Other Historical Turning Points • 732 CE: The the Franks stopped the Muslims from advancing from Spain into France at the Battle of Tours • 1187 CE: Saladin, a Muslim ruler, retook Jerusalem and Damascus from Christian Crusaders. • 1258 CE: Mongols captured and destroyed the city of Baghdad • 1453 CE: Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks (Muslims), ending the Byzantine Empire. Constantinople (Istanbul) became capital of the Ottoman Empire • 1492 CE: Ferdinand and Isabella expelled the Muslim Moors from Spain Ottoman Empire Achievements • Architecture: mosques (houses of worship) – The Dome of the Rock was built on a site in Jerusalem holy to Muslims and Jews. • Mosaics: used geometric designs because they were not permitted to picture holy beings • Arabic alphabet: This language spread with Islam facilitating trade – Ancient Greek and Roman texts were translated into Arabic at the House of Wisdom in Baghdad. • Arabic numerals: adapted from India - included zero ) • Universities: Centers of learning for Christian Europeans as well as Muslims during the Middle Ages • Al Azhar university mosque, Cairo • Algebra: (al Jabr) invented by AlKhwarizmi • Medicine: Far more advanced than in Europe. – First true hospitals. al Razi • Geographic knowledge: Arab traders crossed the Indian Ocean in ships with lateen sails. • By the tenth century, this technology reached Europe from the Middle East. Slavery • Slavery was common, but not based on race. Islamic Culture 2. Which empire was best known for libraries that preserved ancient Greek and Roman knowledge? A. B. C. D. Mongol Gupta Chinese Byzantine 10. Which religion contributed to the unification of Russia? A. B. C. D. Islam Judaism Eastern Orthodox Roman Catholicism