Chapter 16

 Absolute Monarchy---common in
European Countries.
 Most severe revolt took place in England.
 Revolution —radical attempt to change he very structure of a country’s government.

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1400’s royal family Tudors become
England’s rulers.
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Strengthen their powers as rulers in a way similar to those made by rulers of Spain and France.
1 st Tudor King Henry VII —stability and prosperity to England.
 Henry VIII established new official English church, Anglican Church.

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Henry VIII’s oldest daughter
Received the throne in 1553
1 st reigning Queen of England.
Mary I personal unhappiness and devoted to
Catholicism.
Courage and kindness
England to a Catholic nation
Married Phillip II of Spain 
Determined to rid England of Clergy
300 people burned at the stake “Bloody Mary”

 Mary died in 1558
 Protestant half sister/becomes Queen
 Used Parliamentary acts to prevent conflict and strengthen Protestantism
 People who did not attend the Anglican
Church had to pay fines.
 Elizabeth NEVER married/ NO KIDS

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Oldest relative and heir to the throne was Mary
Stuart Queen of Scotland. Mary Queen of Scots was Catholic —Horrified the English Protestants.
1568 Mary wanted to escape problems in
Scotland so she fled to England where Elizabeth imprisoned her.
Mary plots with Phillip II to kill Elizabeth and seize her throne.
Elizabeth signs Mary’s death warrant and in
1587 Mary was beheaded.
Phillip II plans an invasion on England.

 1588 Phillip sends a fleet of 130 ships called
Invincible Armada to the English Channel.
 English ships were smaller and could move more swiftly and was easier to maneuver. Guns fired faster and from a longer distance.
 English broke the Spanish formation, damaged and sank some of the lumbering vessels.
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Deadly attempts.
Elizabeth’s government still faced two major problems at home.

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Henry VIII broken with the Pope and established
Anglicanism as England’s religion.
“Purify” the English Church—Puritans.
No mass, still bishops
Priest dressed in elaborate dress for religious services, congregation still knelt during services.
Puritans thought customs were too Catholic and wanted to abolish them.
Protestant Tudors thought religious disunity threatened stability. Unite to Anglican Faith.
Persecuted remaining Catholics and non-Anglican
Protestants such as Puritans.

 Parliament, body of representatives from the whole country. Right to approve all taxes and pass laws.
 People looked to Parliament as a restraint on the monarchy —represented wishes of people outside central government.
 2 Houses
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Lords —consisted of nobles and higher clergy.
Commons —represented two classes the gentry and the burgesses.

 Class lines —crossed for economic reasons
 Had power
 Elizabeth I summoned Parliament often during her reign and gave the appearance of heading them.
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Couldn’t find a way to keep them from questioning government policies.

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English Throne
39 years of age
Rough manners
Taste for learning/intelligent
Lacked common sense in financial manners and diplomacy.
Believed in Divine Right of Kings
Finance and Foreign Policy
Supporter of Anglican Church had little tolerance for the Puritans.
Bible to English —King James Version of the Bible.
Puritans leave England
Rising inflation and growing government activity
Couldn’t collect enough money in taxes
Sell titles to nobles, monopoly rights to private companies
Create alliance with Spain —went to war.

 James I Son
 Shy but Brave
 Divine Right of Kings
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Henrietta Maria a French princess
Couldn’t get funds from Parliament—tried to force people to lend him money and imprisoned some who refused.
Petition of Right —which reasserted four ancient liberties, Charles signed in hopes Parliament would give him funds.

 Petition to Right
 Not to levy taxes
 Not to declare martial law
 Not to quarter soldiers in private homes in peacetime
 Not to imprison people without specific charge

 Continued to levy taxes
 Disowned Parliament
 Refused to call upon Parliament for 11 years
 Used drastic means to collect money
 Favored formal and ceremonial faith
 What problems do you see this leading to?