Unit: Ancient Rome
ITALY MAP QUIZ FOCUS
CITIES
Bari
Genoa
Palermo
Venice
Milan
Rome
Turin
Reggio de Calabria
LANDFORMS/NATIONS
Switzerland Sardinia
Slovenia
Bologna
Florence
Sicily
San Marino
PHYSICAL FEATURES/BODIES OF WATER
Gulf of Taranto Gulf of Venice
Gulf of Genoa
Ionian Sea
Ligurian Sea
Strait of Sicily
Adriatic Sea
Mediterranean Sea Tyrrhenian Sea
Strait of Messina
QUIZ NEXT CLASS
The Etruscans
• Dominated central
and northern Italian
Peninsula
• Confederation of
city-states
• Flourishing trade
with the East
• Alphabet based on
Greek- not totally
decipherable
• Great respect for
women
The Etruscans
• Influences on
Rome
 The Arch
 The Vault
 Gladiator combat
(funeral rite)
 Studying animal
entrails
Geography
• Few natural resources
• Although coastline extensive, few
natural harbors – limited seafaring
skills
• Predominantly agricultural –
Plains of Latium
• Land open to invasion / farmersoldiers
Early Greek Influences
• Greek colonies on
peninsula / Sicily
• Influences include:
 Religion
 Alphabet
 Crops- grapes and
olives
Origin of the Etruscans
Z
Z
Between 900 and 500 BCE
Called themselves the Rasenna;
>the Greeks called them Tyrrhenioi;
>the Romans called them the Etruscans.
Z
Came from eastern Mediterranean,
possibly Asia Minor.
Z
Their land was called Etruria.
The
Land
of the
Etruscans
Etruscans
Etruscan Political System
Z
Independent, fortified city-states.
Z
Formed small confederacies.
Z
Had a strong military that dominated
all the surrounding peoples.
Z
By 6 C.BCE, the Etruscan military had
conquered much of the Italian
peninsula,including Rome and the island
of Corsica.
Etruscan Military
Bronze Warrior
6c BCE Chariot
Etruscan Writing
Z Most inscriptions found on tombs
and monuments and mirrors.
Z We can pronounce Etruscan
words, because they use an
alphabet similar to Greek, but we
have no clue about their meaning.
Z Over 10,000 Etruscan inscriptions.
Lemnos Stelae – 6c BCE
The Etruscan Alphabet
Etruscan Writing Tablet
Etruscan Religion
Z Polytheistic.
Z Believed that the destiny of man
was determined by the whims of
the gods.
Z Believed in prophecy and reading
the signs of nature by augurs.
Z Believed in predestination.
Reconstruction of an
Etruscan Temple
Etruscan Cemetery
Etruscan Funeral
& Tomb
Etruscan Tomb
Wall &
Tomb Fresco
Interior of an Etruscan Tomb
Sarcophagus of an
Etruscan Couple
Etruscan Gold Jewelry
Life-Size Statue of an Etruscan Baby
in Swaddling Clothes
Etruscan Art
Z
Art created for religious or utilitarian
purposes.
Z
Most famous pieces created out of
terracotta.
Z
Many murals and frescoes on tomb walls.
Z
Lively depictions of life—dancing, games,
music, and feasting.
Z
Pottery at first copies of Greek works.
Later, created their own bronze pottery.
Z
Bronze crafts [mirrors, bowls, candelabra].
Dance
Double Flutist
An Etruscan Banquet
Etruscan Wrestlers
Etruscan Jars & Vases
Etruscan Bronzes
The Gate of Volterra:
First known Archway in History!
Tarquin [Etruscan] Rulers of Rome
Reign of Romulus
753-716 BCE
Numa Pompilius
715-674 BCE
Tullius Hostillius
673-642 BCE
Anchus Marcius
642-617 BCE
Lucius Tarquinian Priscus
616-579 BCE
Servius Tullius
578-535 BCE
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
535-510 BCE
509 BCE Roman Revolt Republic Established!
The Origins of Rome
• IndoEuropeans
2,000-1,000 BCE
• City-state of
Rome founded
753 BCE
• Tiber River /
Seven Hills of
Rome
• Strategic
importance
Tiber River / Seven Hills of Rome
The Origins of Rome
• Romulus and Remus
• Rape of the Sabine
Women
Romulus and Remus
Romulus and Remus
Rome's twin founders
Foundation myth
Descendants of the Trojan prince and
refugee Aeneas
Fathered by Mars <or the demi-god
Hercules> and Rhea Silvia
Uncle exposes them to die in wild.
Found by a she-wolf who suckles and cares
for them.
Twins are eventually restored to their regal
birthright,
Acquire many followers
Decide to found a new city.
Romulus and Remus given shelter
by Pietro-da-Cortona
Romulus wishes new city on Palatine
Hill;
Remus prefers Aventine Hill.
Agree to determine the site through
augury.
Romulus appears to receive the sign,
but each claims the truth.
Tiber River / Seven Hills of Rome
Disputes follow, Remus is killed.
Romulus names the new city Rome,
after himself
Creates the Roman Legions and the
Roman Senate.
Adds citizens to his new city by
abducting the women of the
neighboring Sabine tribes,
Result = combination of Sabines
and Romans as one Roman
people.
Rome rapidly expands
Rape of the Sabine Women
Dominant force, due to:
Divine guidance and
Inspired administrative, military and
political leadership of Romulus.
Romulus increasingly autocratic
Disappears in mysterious
circumstances
Deified as the god Quirinus
Divine persona of the Roman people.
The History of Rome
• Roman history in three major
political phases:
The Kingdom (753-507)- Traditionally,
rule by seven kings from Romulus to
Tarquinius Superbus
The Republic (507-31)- Rule by
Senate, Consuls, Assemblies, and
dictators
The Empire (31 BCE – 476 CE)- Rule by
emperors