Foniks
or
Phonics?
Wellcum too the
fonicks wurckshop.
I hoap theat yoo ar
beegining two
undirstand hou a
chighld fealls wen thai
ar lerning tue reed.
Welcome to the phonics
workshop.
I hope that you are
beginning to understand
how a child feels when
they are learning to
read.
Phonics at a glance
phonics is made up of
skills of
segmentation
and blending
+
knowledge of
the alphabetic
code
Some definitions
A phoneme is the
smallest unit of
sound in a word.
Grapheme:
Letter(s) representing a
phoneme.
t ai
igh
Phonics consists of:
• identifying sounds in spoken words
• recognising the common spellings of
each phoneme
• blending phonemes into words for
reading
• segmenting words into phonemes
for spelling
Phonemes and graphemes
• Phonemes are represented by
graphemes.
• A grapheme may consist of one (t),
two (kn) or more letters (igh).
• A phoneme can be
represented/spelt in more than one
way: cat, kennel, choir.
• The same grapheme may represent
more than one phoneme: me, met.
Enunciation
• Teaching phonics
requires a technical skill
in enunciation
• Phonemes should be
articulated clearly and
precisely
Letters and Sounds:
The phonics resource for
EYFS & KS1
Six phase teaching programme
Colour codes
Children working securely and
consistently at Phase 3 by end YR
Beginning Y2 and
continuing into KS2
Children working securely and
consistently at Phase 5 by end of Y1
SPELLING rules and strategies throughout KS2
Phase 6
Working on: Reading phonically decodable two-syllable and three-syllable words.
Working on: Using alternative ways of pronouncing and spelling the graphemes
corresponding to the long vowel phonemes.
Working on: Spelling complex words using phonically plausible attempts.
Phase 5
Phase 4
Working on: Recognising phonic irregularities. and becoming more
secure with less common grapheme-phoneme correspondences
Work ing on: Applying phonic skills and k nowledge to recognise and spell an
increasing number
Working on: Segmenting adjacent consonants in words and apply this in spelling.
Working on: Blending adjacent consonants in words and applying this skill when reading
unfamiliar texts.
Working on: Knowing one grapheme for each of the 43 phonemes
Working on: Reading and spelling a wide range of CVC words using all letters and less frequent consonant
digraphs and some long vowel phonemes.Graphemes: ear, air, ure, er, ar, or, ur, ow, oi, ai,
ee, igh, oa, oo
Phase 3
Working on: Reading and spelling CVC words using a wider range of letters, short vowels, some consonant
digraphs and double letters.Consonant digraphs ch, sh, th, ng
Working on: Reading and spelling CVC words using letters and short vowels.Letter progression
Set 7: y, z, zz,
Phase 2
Phase 1
qu
Set 6: j, v, w, x
Working on: Using common consonants and vowels Blending for reading and segmenting for spelling simple CVC
words.
Working on: Knowing that words are constructed from phonemes and that phonemes are represented by graphemes.
Letter progression:
Set 1: s, a, t, p Set 2: i, n, m, d Set 3: g, o, c, kSet 4: ck, e, u, r Set 5: h, b, f, ff, l, ll, ss
Phase 1 continuous through Phase 2 – 6
Paving the way
Working on: Showing awareness of rhyme and alliteration, distinguishing between different sounds in the environment and phonemes,
exploring and experimenting with sounds and words and discriminating speech sounds in words. Beginning to orally blend and segment
phonemes.
Some definitions
Blending:
Recognising the letter-sounds in a
written word, for example c-u-p, sh-ee-p
and merging or synthesising them in the
order in which they are written to
pronounce the words ‘cup’ and ‘sheep’.
Some definitions
Segmenting:
• Identifying the individual sounds
in a spoken word (eg h-i-m, s-tor-k) and writing down or
manipulating letters for each
sound (phoneme) to form the word
‘him’ or ‘stork’.
Segmenting
How many phonemes?
WORD
cup
rain
sheep
blink
straw
straight
PHONEMES
Segmenting
WORD
PHONEMES
cup
c
u
p
rain
r
ai
n
sheep
sh
ee
p
blink
b
l
i
n
straw
s
t
r
aw
straight
s
t
r
aigh
k
t
Some definitions
Digraph:
Two letters, which make one phoneme.
A consonant digraph contains two
consonants:
sh ck th ll ch
A vowel digraph contains at least one
vowel:
ai ee ar oy
Consonant digraphs
ll
ss
ff
zz
hill, mess, puff, fizz
sh
ch
th
wh
ship, chat, thin, whip
ng
qu
ck
sing, quick
Some definitions
Split digraph:
• A digraph in which the two
letters are not adjacent – e.g.
make
Some definitions
Trigraph:
Three letters, which make one
phoneme.
igh
dge
Model for daily discrete teaching of
phonic skills and knowledge
REVISIT AND REVIEW
Recently and previously learned grapheme-phoneme correspondences, or
blending and segmenting skills as appropriate
TEACH
New grapheme-phoneme correspondences; skills of blending and
segmenting
PRACTISE
New grapheme-phoneme correspondences; skills of blending and segmenting
APPLY
New knowledge and skills while reading/writing