Compile of list of 5
reasons on your own.
Now compare that list with a
partner’s list.
Which of those reasons would apply to Europeans
in the 1500s and 1600s?
Causes of Exploration Activity
1. Each group read pages 20-25 in the text book.
2. Describe the topic your group was assigned.
Include these three items:
a. What was the ________?
b. How did it affect European life?
c. Why did it encourage people to explore?
YOU HAVE 20 MINUTES!!!
Group Topics:
1) Social Hierarchy
3) Crusades
5) Commerce & Rise of Nations
2) Renaissance
4) Reformation
6) Exploration
Causes of Exploration
Feudalism
The Crusades
Weak Monarchs
Ends Isolation
Want a Better Life
Gain More Freedom
New Things
Gain new lands
European
Exploration
Train Sailors &
Explorers
New Inventions
Get Colonies &
Resources
New Trade Routes
New Learning
Gain Wealth & Power
The Renaissance
Competition
In ONE minute, find someone and
GIVE ONE, GET ONE…
I. Life in Europe
A. Feudalism
1. Weak Monarchs
a. Divided land into
Manors controlled
by nobles
b. People living in the
manor worked for
the noble
i. Lives revolved
around the manor
ii. Poor living
conditions and education
B. Crusades: 12th to 14th centuries
1. Muslims invaded the Holy Lands
a. European kings asked to take them back
2. Exposed the Europeans to new things
a. Spices: ginger, tea, and pepper
b. Technology: Gun powder, and telescopes
3. Europeans increased trade to get these items
a. Items cost too much from traders
b. Create their own routes
i. Lower price, Increase profit
Crusader Routes
C. Renaissance: 14th to 17th centuries
1. Revival in learning and invention
2. New technology:
a. Magnetic
Compass
b. Astrolabe
c. Printing
Press
d. Caraval
3. Prince Henry the Navigator
a. Trained sailors and explorers
to find trade routes
4. Christopher Columbus
a. First Spanish Colony in
1493 in Haiti
3 – reasons why Europeans explored
2—things you thought were interesting
1—question you still have about the lesson
II. First English Attempts – off coast of
present-day North Carolina
A. Roanoke Island – 1585
1. Sponsored by Sir Walter
Raleigh
2. 100 men give up after one year
B. Roanoke Island – 1587 “The Lost Colony”
1. Raleigh sends 117 men, women, & children
2. 3 years later they have disappeared
3. Clue – “CROATOAN” carved on a
doorpost
With a partner, read the evidence gathered on Roanoke and
determine which theory is most plausible?
III. Jamestown, Virginia – 1607
A. Investors form a joint-stock
company & sponsor settlement
1. Guaranteed colonists the same
rights they had in England.
B. First PERMANENT English
settlement in the New World
1. Site – swampy peninsula (good defense, not
health)
2. Settlers - 100 male adventurers & soldiers – not
farmers
3. Goal was to find GOLD, not obtain
supplies for winter
Jamestown Fort & Settlement Map
Jamestown Fort & Settlement (CG)
Jamestown Housing
Jamestown Settlement
Jamestown Chapel, 1611
C. Captain John Smith takes over
1. Obtains supplies
from Indians
2. Forces men to work –
“no work, no eat”
There was no talk…but dig gold, wash
gold, refine gold, load gold…
3. Pocahontas Legend
Pocahontas “saves”
Captain John Smith
A 1616
engraving
D. Conditions are very difficult
1. Half the settlers die during the first year
2. “Starving Times” – almost 90% of the
settlers died during the winter of 1609-1610
1607: 104 colonists
By spring, 1608: 38 survived
1609: 300 more immigrants
By spring, 1610: 60 survived
1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants
1624 population: 1,200
Adult life expectancy: 40 years
Death of children before age 5: 80%
3. Conflict with Native Americans
a. General mistrust because
of different cultures &
languages.
b. English raided Indian
food & supplies
c. Take more land as they
expanded
Powhatan Uprising
of 1622
E. Tobacco
1. John Rolfe developed
a money-making crop
2. Economy based on
tobacco sold to England
Virginia’s gold and silver.
-- John Rolfe, 1612
Early Colonial Tobacco
1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of
tobacco.
1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of
its colonists in an Indian attack,
Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of
tobacco.
1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds
of tobacco.
1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds
of tobacco.
F. Growth of Virginia
1. House of Burgesses – first elected assembly in
the New World
a. Control over finances, militia, make laws
2. Indentured Servants
a. Receive passage to New World in return for
labor
b. Work for 5-7 years for the person who paid
c. Promised “freedom dues” [land and £]
d. Virginians got 50 acres for each passage they paid.
3. Slavery – Twenty Africans brought to Jamestown
in 1619
a. Their status was not clear  slaves or indentured
servants.
English Tobacco Label
IV. Colonizing New England
A. Massachusetts – Plymouth Colony
1. Pilgrims – 1620
a. Separatists who broke away from the
Church of England & were being persecuted
b. Poor people with little power
c. Sail from England on the
Mayflower
i. 102 people including
Captain Myles Standish.
2. Government
a. Based on the Mayflower Compact
b. Agreement signed before the settlers
left the boat
c. Led to adult male settlers meeting in
assemblies to make laws in town
meetings.
The Mayflower Compact
November 11, 1620
3. Native Americans
a. Helped the people – farming, fishing, hunting
b. Squanto – Native American
who spoke English!
c. Thanksgiving – Fall of 1621
B. Massachusetts – Massachusetts Bay Colony
1. Puritans – 1630
a. Wanted to reform (or purify) the Church of
England
b. Well-educated & well-supplied
c. Sailed from England with 17 ships and 1000
people
d. Within 10 years, 20,000 more Puritans
arrived
e. Purpose – set up a model colony based on
THEIR beliefs
Sources of Puritan Migration
First Seal of MA Bay
Boston:
Capital of
Massachusetts
Bay
2. Government
a. No separation of church of state
b. Only white, male, church members could
vote
c. No dissent was allowed
d. First Governor:
John Winthrop
We shall be as a
city on a hill..
1. What information is the court attempting
to gather about the defendants?
2. How is the testimony of Tituba and Sarah
Osborne similar and different?
3. What impact did the beliefs and form of
government in Puritan MA, have on the
Trials.
3. Native Americans
a. Puritans try to convert Indians
b. Indian lands are taken – usually by force
King Philip’s War (1675-76)
Metacom “King Philip”
 United Indians and attacked
white settlements
 Failed to take back land
 Metacom beheaded and
drawn and quartered.
 His son and wife sold into slavery.
 Never a serious threat again
C. Rhode Island (1636) – only New England colony
to allow religious freedom
1. Roger Williams
a. Disagreed with the
Puritans & was kicked
out of MA
b. Set up a colony in which
all religions were tolerated
c. Believed in separation of
church & state
2. Anne Hutchinson
a. Disagreed with the
Puritans & was kicked
out of MA
b. Welcomed in
Rhode Island
 She and all but one member of
her family were killed in an
Indian attack in Westchester
County, NY.
D. Other New England Colonies
1. Connecticut (1636)
– founded by Thomas
Hooker & other Puritans
who were looking for rich
farmland
2. New Hampshire (1637)
formed by John
Wheelwright & other
critics of the Puritans;
fishing & trading were
important
New England Spreads Out
Population of the New England
Colonies
New England Colonies, 1650
V. Settling the Middle Colonies
A. New York (1664)
1. Originally owned by the Dutch (New Amsterdam)
2. Charles II granted the land to his brother,
James the Duke of York
King Charles II
The Duke of York
Duke of York’s Original Charter
New York, 1664
B. New Jersey (1664)
1. Land given to Lord Berkeley & Sir George
Carteret, supporters of Charles II
Lord Berkeley
Sir George
Carteret
C. Pennsylvania (1681)
1. William Penn (1644-1718)
a. Member of a wealthy
English family
b. Joined the Society of
Friends (Quakers) at
age 23
i. Refused to pay taxes to the Church of
England, met without paid clergy, and
quaked during services
c. Family unhappy, and jailed for his beliefs
2. Land in the New World
a. William Penn’s father (Admiral Sir William Penn)
loaned £16,000 to Charles II
b. Land given to Penn as payment
c. Penn receives charter for “Pensilvania”
(Latin for “Penn’s Woods”)
Royal Land Grant to Penn
3. The Colony
a. A “Holy Experiment”
b. Native Americans treated fairly
(at first)
i. Bought the land from Indians.
c. All religions are tolerated
Penn’s Treaty with the Native
Americans
Philadelphia
D. Delaware (1682)
1. The three lower counties of PA broke off
2. Named after Lord De La Warr [harsh military
governor of VA in 1610].
VI. Settling the Southern Colonies
A. Maryland (1632)
1. A royal charter granted to George Calvert,
Lord Baltimore
2. A haven for Catholics
Colonization of Maryland
St Mary’s City (1634)
B. North and South Carolina (1663)
1. Settled by 8 proprietors who had helped
Charles II regain the throne
2. North – subsistence farming & naval stores
(turpentine, tar)
3. South – plantations of rice & indigo; shipping
Rice & Indigo Exports
from SC & GA: 1698-1775
Port of Charles Town, SC
Also named for King Charles
II of England.
Became the busiest port in
the South.
C. Georgia (1732)
1. Founded by James
Oglethorpe and named
after King George II
2. Created as a Social
Experiment
a. The poor from
England were brought
to the colony
Ethnic Groups