Higher Education & Academic Integrity
Where Are We Heading?
Mohamed Nagib Abou-Zeid
March 1st, 2014
Outline
• Our Center and its Mission
• New Advancement & Progress in ICAI
• The World Around Us
• International Trends in Higher Education
• Implications on Performance and Expectations
Mission of ICAI
ICAI was founded to combat cheating, plagiarism, and academic
dishonesty in higher education. Its mission has since expanded to
include the cultivation of cultures of integrity in academic
communities throughout the world. ICAI offers assessment services,
resources, and consultations to its member institutions, and facilitates
conversations on academic integrity topics each year at its annual
conference.
In order to meet the continually evolving needs of our membership in
future years, ICAI encourages, supports, and shares research that
predicts, describes, and responds to trends and issues relating to
academic integrity standards and practices. ICAI membership benefits
are extended to faculty, administrators, students, and staff at
membership institutions around the globe, and to its individual
members, partners, and supporting organizations.
Themes & Progress
• National & International Outreach
• New Board Members
• New Guidelines of Board Membership & Duties
• Longer Term Plans
• Integrity-Thematic Projects
• Strengthening Communication with our Members
• ICAI Growth
Members
300
260
250
193
204
200
150
100
50
0
Y-2001
Aaron Monson, ICAI
Y-2011
Y-2014
High Schools
19
20
18
16
14
12
10
5
8
6
2
4
2
0
Y-2001
Aaron Monson, ICAI
Y-2011
Y-2014
Countries
25
21
20
14
15
10
5
3
0
Y-2001
Aaron Monson, ICAI
Y-2011
Y-2014
What is Happening
Around Us?
Top 10 Populous Countries
1950
25
20
15
10
5
0
China = 555 Millions
USA = 360 Millions
Italy = 48 Millions
Top 10 Populous Countries
2000
25
20
15
10
5
0
China = 1266 Millions
USA
= 277 Millions
Nigeria = 108 Millions
Top 10 Populous Countries
2050
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
India = 1550 Millions
USA
= 350 Millions
Congo = 160 Millions
Percent Increase in Population
Devloped
Devloping
1.16
Year 2050
8.2
1.18
Year 1998
4.75
0
2
4
6
8
10
The Endless City
75%
80%
70%
50%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
10%
0%
1900
2007
2050
Projection
By 2030, developing countries will account for
about 80 percent of the world’s total urban
population.
Poverty
Poverty
Poverty
Francisco Marmolejo, WB, CHEA, 2014
Political Unrest
1950
FAO, 2000
2000
FAO, 2000
2025
FAO, 2000
Water Rich Top 10
In Annual Water km3
9000
8,233
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
4,498
3,300
3,069
2,838
/imgres?imgurl=http://www.eco-h2o.co.za/wpcontent/uploads/2012/05/draft_lens2356846module494//
2,830
2,132
2000
1000
0
1,913
1,908
1,283
Corruption
transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi
Corruption Index
No. 1 Denmark -New Zealand - Singapore
No. 6
Canada
No. 20
USA
No. 98
Egypt
No. 129
Syria
No. 152
No. 178
Ukraine
Somalia
(182/182)
Corruption in Education
• Academic Dishonesty
• Bribing
• Fabrication of Research Data, Publications & Theses
• Forging Certificates and Records
• Manipulation of Admission
• Systemization
• Others
What About Environment?
Chuck Edwards
Powder Cement Industry
About 1.0 tons of CO2 for each ton of Cement
Your 290 tones CO2
CO2 Emission
Chuck Edwards
You
You
Chuck Edwards
“I Did not misuse wood, stones or dyes
and did not pollute the water of the Nile”
Higher Education Institutions
• About 17,000 Institutions in 200 Countries
• Nearly 4,700 in the US (310 millions)
• Nearly 3,000 in Europe
• Far Less Institutions in Developing Countries
• Top Ranked Institutions in stable countries
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
US
Canada
UK
Hong Kong
Australia
Japan
Singapore
Enrollment in Higher Ed (%)
80
70
76
Y-2000
Y-2005
66
Y-2010
60
50
40
29
30
23
25
20
10
8
0
Sub-Saharn Middle East Central Asia
Africa
Europe
North
Americva
World
Origin or Students Studying in the US
30
Total of 255, 000 Students
25.4
25
20
15
13.1
9.5
10
4.5
5
0
China
India
South
Korea
Saudi
Arabia
3.5
3
Canada Taiwan
2.6
Japan
2
1.8
Vietnam Mexico
1.6
Turkey
The 3P’s of Academic Integrity
Penalization
or
Corrective
Prevention
Promotion
Courtesy of CAI, St; Louis
World of Ranking
1
Harvard University
2
3
4
Stanford University
5
Cambridge University
6
California Institute of Technology
7
Princeton University
8
Columbia University
9
University of Chicago
10
Oxford University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
University of California, Berkeley
Competitiveness
Productivity
Competitiveness is not a Goal in Itself
Prosperity
Accreditation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mark of Excellence
Continuous Process
Assessment Based
Standards for Technical Education Sector
Institutional Capacity
Conveys Confidence to Community
Transfer of Degree and Job Mobility
Excellence
“Excellence is an art won by training and
habituation. We are what we repeatedly
do. Excellence is not an act but a habit”
Aristotélēs
384 BC – 322 BC
www.sasi.group.shef.ac.uk/worldmap
per/images/largepng/
Where Are We Heading?
Interdependency
Francisco Marmolejo, WB, CHEA, 2014
Looking at Things Differently
Time for a Change?
“
Italian University 1350
“Universities won’t survive…higher education is in
deep crisis…The college campus won’t survive
as a residential institution. Today’s [college]
buildings are hopelessly unsuited and totally
unneeded”
Peter Drucker
Francisco Marmolejo, WB, CHEA, 2014
War of Talents…..Not Degrees
Francisco Marmolejo, WB, CHEA, 2014
ICT Revolutions
Wireless Revolution
www.abuma.com
New Type of Students
Francisco Marmolejo, WB, CHEA, 2014
Not Always the Best Performance
Top WB’s Higher Ed List
1. Diversifying options, but leveling the playing field.
2. Assuring good quality institutions.
3. Making post-compulsory education & training equitable and affordable.
4. Targeting public resources toward programs that yield high social returns.
5. Using innovative approaches to retain students and ensure employability
6. Improving secondary education.
7. Increasing autonomy and cost-efficiency of Higher Ed Institutions/systems.
8. Arming students with information so they make smart choices.
9. Embracing competition – national and global.
10. Fostering openness and an evidence-based culture in High education.
Francisco Marmolejo, WB, CHEA, 2014
ICAI & Future Look
• Strategic Alliance…..Strategic Goals
ICAI & Future Look
• Strategic Alliance…..Strategic Goals
• Internationalization
ICAI & Future Look
• Strategic Alliance…..Strategic Goals
• Internationalization
• Cultural Component & Sensitivity
ICAI & Future Look
• Strategic Alliance…..Strategic Goals
• Internationalization
• Cultural Component & Sensitivity
• Seeking Multitude of Resources
ICAI & Future Look
• Strategic Alliance…..Strategic Goals
• Internationalization
• Cultural Component & Sensitivity
• Seeking Multitude of Resources
• Innovation in Communicating Our Mission
ICAI & Future Look
• Strategic Alliance…..Strategic Goals
• Internationalization
• Cultural Component & Sensitivity
• Seeking Multitude of Resources
• Seeking Innovation in Communicating Our Mission
• High Schools As Input……...Society As Output
ICAI & Future Look
• Strategic Alliance…..Strategic Goals
• Internationalization
• Cultural Component & Sensitivity
• Seeking Multitude of Resources
• Seeking Innovation in Communicating Our Mission
• High Schools As Input….Society As Output
• Self-Assessment and External Assessment
ICAI & Future Look
• Strategic Alliance…..Strategic Goals
• Internationalization
• Cultural Component & Sensitivity
• Seeking Multitude of Resources
• Innovation in Communicating Our Mission
• High Schools As Input….Society As Output
• Self-Assessment and External Assessment
• Institutional Memory
ICAI & Future Look
• Strategic Alliance…..Strategic Goals
• Internationalization
• Cultural Component & Sensitivity
• Seeking Multitude of Resources
• Innovation in Communicating Our Mission
• High Schools As Input….Society As Output
• Self-Assessment and External Assessment
• Institutional Memory
“The future is already here ……
it's just not evenly distributed
William Gibson
The Economist,
December 4, 2003
Thank You
Acknowledgement
The Presenter wants to acknowledge the data contributions in his
presentation from variety Higher Education Website, CHEA,
UNNESCO and World Bank and Dr. Francisco Marmolejo