April 15th 2013
Present tenses
Future tenses
Comparisons
Vocabulary:
Birth - Childhood and adolescence – Death
Entertainment (films, leisure time)
Nouns made from Adjectives
BELONGINGS
PERMANENT SITUATIONS
MRS AND MR TRENT LIVE IN OXFORD
THIS VILLA BELONGS TO A VERY RICH FAMILY
FIXED TIMES
SCIENTIFIC FACTS
THE SUN RISES IN THE EAST
WHAT TIME DOES THE MUSEUM OPEN?
PRESENT SIMPLE
HABITS
WE USUALLY WALK TO WORK
OPINIONS
I DON’T AGREE WITH YOU BUT I’LL DO IT ANYWAY
SENSES
THIS CAKE SMELLS GOOD AND IT TASTES GOOD TOO!
KNOWLEDGE
SHE DOESN’T KNOW THE NEW CEO OF OUR COMPANY
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
ACTION IN PROGRESS
IS JANE TALKING ON THE PHONE?
UNFINISHED ACTIONS
WE ARE LEARNING TO USE NEW SOFTWARE AT THE MOMENT
ANNOYING OR SURPRISING HABITS WITH ALWAYS
MY NEIGHBOUR IS ALWAYS USING THE DISHWASHER AT NIGHT
TEMPORARY ACTIONS/ SITUATIONS
I’M COVERING FOR A COLLEAGUE AT WORK THIS MONTH
PLANS AND ARRANGEMENTS IN THE FUTURE
I’M MEETING MY FRIENDS OUTSIDE THE THEATRE TONIGHT
Future tenses
• A Predictions: will/going to
1. She will probably get an Oscar for her excellent performance (-> I
believe this)
2. She is going to get an Oscar – the reviews are fantastic (-> I’m sure: I
have information now – predictions from evidence)
• B Plans; arrangements; fixed events/timetables
1. We’re going to see that new movie tonight. (Plans and intentions)
2. We’re meeting our friends outside the cinema. (Definite future arrangements)
3. The film starts at eight o’clock. (Scheduled event)
• C Decisions
1. There’s a new film on. I’ll phone for tickets. (-> I decided this minute)
2. I’m going to phone for tickets later today. (-> I decided earlier)
• D Offers, requests, promises, threats: will
1. I’ll get the tickets, shall I?
2. Don’t worry! I won’t be late.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
WILL BE + ING
• ACTIONS IN PROGRESS AT A
FUTURE TIME: I’ll be lying on a
beach this time tomorrow.
• PLANNED FUTURE ACTIONS: Will
you be going to the meeting
tomorrow? (polite)
• ACTIONS WHICH ARE ROUTINE:
Will you be spending your
holidays at the seaside as
usual this year?
FUTURE PERFECT
WILL HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
• ACTION COMPLETED
BEFORE A POINT IN THE
FUTURE: We will have
finished this book by the
summer.
• We use the FUTURE PERFECT
CONTINUOUS (Will have
been + ing) TO FOCUS ON
THE DURATION OF AN
ACTION: By the time I take
my exam, I will have been
learning English for six years.
Comparatives and superlatives
• 1 SYLLABLE/2 SYLLABLE IN Y:
1.The countryside is (a lot/ much) greener than the town.
2.I think New York is (by far) the liveliest city in the world.
• 2/3 SYLLABLES ADJECTIVES, MOST ADVERBS:
3.The country is (far/a great deal) less polluted than the city.
4.This is the most/the least exciting city I have ever visited.
• IRREGULAR adj./adverbs
Good/well
Bad/badly
Little
Much/many
better
worse
less
more
(the) best
(the) worst
(the) least
(the) most
Far
Late
farther/further
later
(the) farthest/furthest
(the) last
• COMPARING SIMILAR THINGS
1.(NOT) AS… AS: City life is/is
not (nearly) as relaxing as
life in the country.
LIKE OR AS?
2.Like all cities, New York is
very noisy. (comparison)
3. As a teenager, I find city life
really exciting. (function/
position)
• ADDING EMPHASIS:
far, much, a lot, …
• REPEATING COMPARATIVES
1.Cities are getting bigger and
bigger.
2.The bigger cities get, the
noisier they become.
• TOO, ENOUGH
1.Do we have enough money
to go to the cinema?
2. I’m not old enough to buy
my own flat.
3.The city is getting too
dangerous.
Listening (part 1 & 2)
• To shout at
• Plenty of
• To draw attention
• To show off
• To tell off
• To be allowed (in/ to do sth/
• I had a bit of an odd week
•
•
•
•
•
•
Recipe
To turn out (all right)
To put on
I used to have classes
To make it
Up-to-date
sth/ )
•
•
•
•
To split up
To stick together
Handler
To pick up (the ball; it’s an
easy game to pick up)
• To lie down across
Past SIMPLE
• FINISHED ACTION IN THE
PAST:
When did you finished your
homework?
They didn’t go to college
when they lived in the
States.
We spent a month in
Australia last year.
• STORY TELLING:
Once upon a time there was
a young girl who lived in a
huge castle…
• UNFORESEEN SUDDEN
ACTION HAPPENING WHILE
ANOTHER IS IN PROGRESS:
While I was walking along
the river, I saw four
beautiful swans.
• USED TO / WOULD
We used to cycle the school
when we were children.
She would help everybody
who was in need.
Past CONTINUOUS
• UNFORESEEN SUDDEN ACTION HAPPENING WHILE ANOTHER IS
IN PROGRESS:
While I was walking along the river, I saw four beautiful
swans.
• ACTIONS IN PROGRESS IN THE PAST, EVEN CONTEMPORARY:
While Bea was ironing, her husband was doing the washing
up.
I was swimming in the sea this time last week.
• REPEATED ACTIONS IN THE PAST:
He was always talking on his mobile when we were in the
restaurant.
Past Perfect
Simple
Continuous
• ACTIONS THAT HAD
• ACTIONS THAT HAD BEEN
HAPPENED BEFORE OTHER
PAST ACTIONS:
HAPPENING BEFORE OTHER
PAST ACTIONS:
The students had
already left the room
when the headmaster
arrived.
They had been trying to
put out the fire for over
an hour when the
firefighters arrived.
(The students left the room.
Then the headmaster
arrived)
• (They started trying to put
out the fire an hour before
and they were still doing it
when the firefighters
arrived).
Present perfect simple
PAST
PRESENT
• RECENT ACTIONS: Look! I’ve bought a new mixer. We can
make a lot of cakes now.
• ACTIONS THAT HAVE JUST HAPPENED:
They have just called.
• ACTIONS THAT HAVE ALREADY HAPPENED OR HAVEN’T
HAPPENED YET: She has ALREADY left the station but she
hasn’t got home yet.
• LIFE EXPERIENCES: I’ve travelled quite a lot in my life.
Present Perfect
Continuous
Present Perfect
Simple
• SINCE + time when the • FOR + length of time:
action began:
We have been working
since eight o’clock
We have lived here for
ten years.
DURATION