反意疑问句

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高三语法讲座
反意疑问句
定义:
在陈述句之后附加上一个简短
问句,对陈述句所叙述的事实提出
相反的疑问,这种疑问句叫做反意
疑问句。
结构:
如陈述部分为肯定式,疑问部分用否
定式。反之,如陈述部分否定式,疑问部
分用肯定式。疑问部分重复陈述句的主语
(必须用代词)和be , have,助动词或情
态动词。如陈述句中没有 be, have,助动
词或情态动词,则须另加do。如:
She has gone to town, hasn‘t she?
她进城了,对吗?
You like it, don't you?
你喜欢它,不是吗?
注意事项:
1.在朗读时,反意疑问句的前部分用降调,
后部分,在表疑问时用升调,在表强调时
用降调。如:
 He's an engneer, isn't he?↑
 他是工程师,是不是?
 It's a fine day today, isn't it?↓
 今天天气很好,对吧?


2.对反意疑问句的回答,肯定或否定要前后保持
一致,即前面用“ yes ”,后面必须是肯定;前面
用“no ”,后面必须是否定。

3.附加问句如果是否定式,一般应用缩略形式,
如:
We need to practise speaking English more often,
don't we? 我们需要多练习说英语,是不是?
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he?
应当知道该怎么做,对不对?
他

4.在回答前否定(陈述句)+后肯定(简略
问句)的反意疑问句时,答语中“yes ”和
“no”的翻译恰好与汉语相反,如:

He isn't a pianist, is he?

他不是钢琴家,是吗?
Yes , he is .
(No, he isn't.)
不,他是钢琴家。(对,他不是钢琴家。)
5.牢记反意疑问句及答语的肯定,否定关系
的一般规则(“+”表示肯定,“—”表示否
定):
 问句中:“+,—”或“—,+”。
答句
中:“+,+”或“—,—”。

问中:He doesn't want to buy it, does
he? 他不想买它,对吗?

答中:A:Yes, he does. 不,他想买。
B: No, he doesn't. 对,他不想买。

(一)特殊情况
 (1)陈述部分是I am 时,疑问部分常用
“aren't I?”代替更正式的“am I not? ”。
如: I'm late, aren't I?
我迟到了,是
吗?
 (2)如陈述部分是“there be”结构时,疑
问部分只需对换there be 的位置即可。如:
 There's something wrong with your watch,
isn't there? 你的手表有毛病,对吗?

3)陈述部分是形式主语it 时,疑问部分的
主语也用it 。如:
 It took more than 100,000 men twenty
years to build the Great Pyramid, didn't it?
 建成这座大金字塔,十万人费了二十年时
间,对吗?
(4)陈述部分是had better 固定搭配时,疑
问部分应是hadn't。如:
 We'd better play games now, hadn't we?
 我们最好现在做游戏,行吗?

(二)两种形式
 1)当情态动词用时,疑问部分用 didn't。如:
 They used to be good friends, didn't they?
他们过去一向是好朋友,是吗?
 2)当不及物动词用时,疑问部分要用didn't 。如:
 Grandmother used to get up early, didn't she?
奶奶过去时常早起,对吗?
There used to be a station over there, didn't there?
过去那儿有个火车站,对吗?


(2)陈述部分如带有have to, has to, had to 时:

1)惯常行为:用do, does, did,构成 have to,
has to, had to 的疑问部分。如:

We have to work from 8:00 a.m. to
5:30p.m, don't we?

我们得从上午8:00工作到下午5:30,是不是?

2)在特定场合:用have, has, had,构成have to,
has to, had to 的疑问部分。如:

I have to work this afternoon, haven't I?

我今天下午得去工作,是不是?

(3)need, dare 的用法:

1)当实义动词用,疑问部分要用do 的某一形式。
如:

He dared to ask the teacher many questions,
didn't he? 他敢向老师提许多问题,对吗?

2)当情态动词用,只重复它。如:

You needn't do that when your son is here,
need you?

你儿子在这里时,你不必做那事,是不是?

三)其他形式

(1)如陈述部分的主语是不定代词
everyone, someone, no one等词,疑问部
分的主语常用they ,有时也可用he。如:

Somebody borrowed my bike yesterday,
didn't they?

昨天有人借了我的自行车,对吗?

(2)如陈述部分的主语为不定代词
something, everything 等及指示代词this,
that 时,疑问部分的主语用it 。如:

Nothing could make him give in, could it?
什么也不会使它屈服,是吗?

(3)如陈述部分有 no, nobody, few,
seldom, nor, neither…nor, too…to等表示否
定意味的词时,疑问部分要用肯定式。如 :

He is neither a teacher nor a worker, is he?
他既不是老师,也不是工人,对吗?


No one here can dance, can they?
这里没有人会跳舞,对吗?

4)当陈述部分含有由 un, in , im, il, ir 等否
定前缀构成的派生词时,虽意思是“不”,
但疑问部分仍要用否定式。如:


She dislike it, doesn't she?
她不喜欢它,是吧?

(5)当 neither…nor, both…and 连接陈述
部分的两个主语时,疑问部分的主语常用
复数代词。如:

Both you and I are not wrong, are we?
你和我都不错,是吗?
祈使句的附加句
(一)祈使句是肯定式,表示“请求”,
疑问部分要用will you?;若表示“劝
导”“邀请”时,疑问部分要用won't you ;
也可用 can't you ,含有责备或不耐烦之意。
如: Shut up, can't you? 闭嘴,行不行?
 Come here at once, will you?
 立刻到这里来,好吗?
 Stop talking, won't you? 别说话,好吗?

(二)如祈使句是否定式时,疑问部分只
能用 “will you?”。如:
 Don't look out of the window, will you?
别向窗外看,行吗?
 (三)以Let me 的祈使句,疑问部分可用
“will you ?”或“may I? ”如:
 Let me have another try, will you?
 让我再试一次,行吗?
 Let me do the job, may I? ....可以吗?



四)以Let us (不包括对方在内)的祈使
句,疑问部分用“will you? ” 如:
Let us go shopping, will you?

让我们去买东西,行吗?

(五)以 Let's (包括对方在内)的祈使句,
其疑问部分用“shall we? ”。如:


Let's go out for a drive, shall we?
咱们出去兜风吧,好吗?
复合句的附加句
A.当陈述句是主从复合句时:
 (一)从句是that 引起的宾语从句( that
在常省略),附加疑问应对陈述部分的主
句提出。如:
 He said nothing except that he was all
right, didn't he? 他除了说他很好之外,其
他什么也没讲,对吗?


(二)当陈述部分主句的主、谓是 I (We)
think(believe, imagine, expect, feel 等)加
that 引导的宾语从句时,疑问部分的主语
(代词)和动词要与从句的一致。如:

I think there is something wrong with the
washer, isn't there? 我想洗衣机出了毛病,
对不对?

We don't suppose he cares, does he?
我想他不在乎的,对吗?

注:think, believe, imagine 等表示揣测,
信念,愿望之类心理活动的动词+that 宾语
从句时,务必注意这些动词具有否定转移
的现象。)

(三)当陈述部分是It (This, That或其他表
示时间的名词+ be+the+first time(month
等)+that 从句(that 可省)时,疑问部分与主
句的主语和谓语保持一致 .如:This is the
third time he has left home, isn't it?
Tomorrow will be the second time that I
have had to have my TV set repaired
again, won't it?
B.复杂情况
(一)当陈述部分的主语是从句、不定式
(短语)、动名词等时,疑问部分的主语
一律用it 。如:
 Whether they will come or not doesn't
matter too much, does it?(主语从句作陈
述句的主语)


Packing the suitcase has taken up a
whole moring, hasn't it?(动名词短语作陈
述句的主语)

To learn aforeign languag well in such a
short time isn't easy, is it?(不定式短语作
陈述句的主语)

(二)若陈述句为并列句时,疑问部分的
主语通常与临近分句的主谓一致。如:

We must redouble our efforts, or we'll
not be able to catch up with the others, will
we?

我们必须加倍努力,否则我们就赶不上别
人,对吗?

(三)如陈述部分含情态动词must时:

(1)表示“应该”,其疑问部分用mustn't
(不应该),如:

You must work hard next term, mustn't
you ? 下学期你应该努力学习,对吗?

(2)表示“必须”,其疑问部分用needn't
(不必),如:

We must go at once, needn't we?

我们必须立刻走,是吗?





3)表示推测,其疑问部分必须与must 后
面的主要动词相呼应。如:
1)对现在动作或存在的情况的推测:
You must know the answer to the
exercise, don't you? 你一定知道这项练
习的答案,是不是?
That must be your bed, isn't it?
那一定是你的床,是吗?






2)对过去发生的动作或存在的情况的推测:
①表示肯定
You must have left your bag in the theatre,
haven't you? 你一定是把包落在剧场了,是不
是?
Aunt Liu must have got to the
U.S.A. yesterday, didn't she? 刘大婶昨天准是
到了美国了,对不?
②表示否定表示推测时,否定式通常不是must
not ,而是can't (cannot). 如:
He can't have been to your home; he doesn't
know your address, does he?
他不可能去过你家;他不知道你的地址,
是不是?

(4)陈述部分含情态动词mustn't,表示禁
止时,问部分就可以用must或may,如:

We mustn't be late, must we?(may
we?)
我们不可以迟到,是吗?
英英与美英的差异反意疑问句
(一)如陈述句have 作“有”解时, 疑问
部分在美国英语中用 do的某一形式;在英
国英语中用have 的适当形式,如:

She has money with her, doesn't
she?
(美英)她身边有钱,对吗?

He hasn't any friends in London, has
he?
(英英)他在伦敦没有什么朋友,对
吗?


(二)陈述部分用不定代词one 作主语时,疑
问部分在美国英语中用 he ,在英国英语中仍
用one,如:

One should love his country, shouldn't
he?
(美英)任何人都应该爱国,对吧?

(三)陈述部分带有情态动词ought to 时,附
加疑问部分在美国英语中用should ;在英
国英语中仍用 ought,如:

The boy ought to be praised, shouldn't
he? (美英)这男孩应该受到表扬,是不
是?

We ought to read the book, oughtn't we?
(英英)我们应当读这本书,对吗?
Good bye
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