Memory
Memory Process
Encoding
Storage
Retrieval
Memory Test #1
Recall
vs.
Recognition
Process of Memory
• Sensory Register – see, hear, feel, limbic system
– Iconic – visual (memory task #2)
– Echoic – auditory
– Eidetic – photographic memory (#3)
Process of Memory
• Short Term Memory (STM)
• aka – “working memory”
– Conscious recognition
How much information can you
hold?
Try to see if you can remember all of the
following numbers
Memory Task #4
736
3795
06935
759354
8340385
02148594
395076395
1793057848
Short Term Memory
• On average, most people can hold about 7
items in short term memory at a time
– Phone numbers
– Maintenance rehearsal - repetition
– Varies by individual
Serial Position Test
Listen to the list of words that I will
read aloud. When I give you the cue,
try to write down as many as you can
remember.
Memory Task #5
Primacy and Recency
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Nation
Uncle
Valley
Skin
Question
Record
Animal
Roof
Weather
Doctor
Circle
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Friend
Railroad
Shade
Machine
Thought
Gold
Season
Class
Movie
Process of Memory
• Long Term Memory (LTM)
– Types:
• Procedural – how to do things
• Factual – bits of information
– “Generic”/Semantic – facts
– Episodic – personal, “flashbulb”
Yet another memory test
Try to remember as much as possible
of the following long string of letters.
When I give you the cue, see how
many you can write down.
(Test #6)
N
B
C
C
I
A
F
B
I
P
B
S
Write down what you remember.
“Chunking”
NBC
CIA
FBI
PBS
Memory Strategies
•Visualization – loci method
•Mnemonics
•Chunking
•Multi-sensory
•Elaborate
Elaboration Test
As you see the words, follow the
instruction to either:
-count the e’s
or
-place in a category
At the end, see how many you can
remember and write down.
(Test #7)
Date
Pitcher
Violet
Black
Maine
Wind
Spring
Bridge
Jefferson
Lead
Jam
Rattle
Grass
Marker
Page
Cookie
Bat
Plumber
Chair
Perch
Host
File
Beethoven
Bulb
Rock
Anger
Freud
Giggle
Egg
Notwithstanding
Sorted E’s
Category
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Date
Black
Bridge
Grass
Cookie
Bat
Chair
Host
File
Beethoven
Bulb
Anger
Freud
Giggle
Egg
Pitcher
Violet
Maine
Wind
Spring
Jefferson
Lead
Jam
Rattle
Marker
Page
Plumber
Perch
Rock
Notwithstanding
How about another memory
test?
I will read a list of words aloud. Try
to remember as many of the words as
possible and write them down when I
give the cue.
False Memories / Déjà Vu
Did you write the word sleep?…
…It wasn’t in there.
Memory Issues
•Mind Decay
•Disease
•Interference
•Proactive
•Retroactive
•Distortion or
construction
•Chemicals
•State dependent
•Voluntary drugs
•Involuntary drugs
•Context Dependent
•Physical – amnesia
•Severe trauma
•repression