Baltimore Polytechnic Institute
February 11, 2013
A/A.P. U.S. History
Mr. Green
The students will be able to analyze the
changes through the 1890s by describing the
problems and prospects of the Gilded Age
Objectives: Students will:
Describe the rise of the American industrial city, and place it in the
context of worldwide trends of urbanization and mass migration (the
European diaspora).
Describe the New Immigration, and explain how it differed from the
Old Immigration and why it aroused opposition from many native-born
Americans.
Discuss the efforts of social reformers and churches to aid the New
Immigrants and alleviate urban problems, and the immigrants’ own
efforts to sustain their traditions while assimilating to mainstream
America.
AP Focus
Industrialization sparks urbanization, and cities become magnets
for immigrants. Those who can afford to leave behind the hustle and
bustle of urban life move to the budding suburbs. See the table in The
American Pageant (13th ed., p. 560/14th ed., p. 598). Demographic
Changes is an AP theme.
The late nineteenth century sees a surge of immigration, now from
eastern and southern Europe. Most encounter living and working
conditions not appreciably better than what they had left. The tenement
floor plan (13th ed., p. 561/14th ed., p. 599) shows typical living
conditions for impoverished urban workers.
CHAPTER THEMES
In the late nineteenth century,
American society was increasingly dominated
by large urban centers. Explosive urban
growth was accompanied by often disturbing
changes, including the New Immigration,
crowded slums, new religious outlooks, and
conflicts over culture and values. While many
Americans were disturbed by the new urban
problems, cities also offered opportunities to
women and expanded cultural horizons.
1890s Decade chart due on Wed
5QQ on Tuesday
Liberal Protestants
rejected biblical literalism
stories as models for behavior
Roman Catholics
1900-largest single denomination
Judaism
Salvation Army-from England
Church of Christ, Scientist-heal the sick
YMCA, YWCA
Natural Selection
nature blindly picked organisms for survival or death
based on random, inheritable variations they possessed
1875
many scientists embraced theory of organic evolution
Clergy response to Darwin
Initially, most rejected Darwin
2 groups by 1875
Scripture as the infallible Word of God
gave rise to fundamentalism in 20th century
accommodationists tried to reconcile Darwinism with
Christianity
Science began to explain more of the external world
By 1870, more states made grade school education
compulsory
Prior to the Civil War, there were few public high
schools, mainly private academies
By 1900 there were 6,000 public high schools with free
textbooks
Teacher training schools
Kindergartens from Germany
Catholic parochial schools
Chautauqua movement
nationwide public lectures
Illiteracy rate
20% in 1870
10.7% in 1900
Headed the Black normal and industrial school
in Tuskegee, AL
Taught trades to gain self respect/economic
security
Accommodationist
Washington did not challenge white
supremacy
Avoided issue of social equality
economic independence would be the answer
George Washington Carver
W.E.B. Du Bois did not support Washington’s
position
Argued Washington condemning AfricanAmerican race to manual labor and inferiority
Demanded complete equality for blacks
Founded the NAACP
talented tenth
Differences between the two highlights the
contrasting lifestyles of the North and South
Morrill Act of 1862
provided grant of public lands to the states for
education
Land Grant Colleges-state universities
Hatch Act of 1887
extended Morrill Act
federal money for agricultural experiment stations
Philanthropic colleges
Cornell
Stanford
University of Chicago
Universities
Johns Hopkins
Education moved away from a religious framework
to more practical and specialized instruction
Elective system
Field of concentration
Specialization
Medicine
Louis Pasteur
Joseph Lister
William James-pragmatism
truth of an idea to be tested by its
practical consequences
Why was Darwinian evolution such a
controversial challenge for American religious
thinkers?
Why were religious liberals able to dominate
Americans’ cultural response to evolution?
How did a minority resistance to evolution lay
the basis for the later rise of fundamentalism?
1. What new opportunities and social problems
did the cities create for Americans?
2. In what ways was American urbanization
simply part of a worldwide trend, and in what
ways did it reflect particular American
circumstances? How did the influx of millions of
mostly European immigrants create a special
dimension to America’s urban problems?
3. How did the New Immigration differ from the
Old Immigration, and how did Americans
respond to it?
4. How was American religion affected by the
urban transformation, the New Immigration, and
cultural and intellectual changes?
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Begin Reading second ½ of Chapter 25
Prepare for multiple choice on Friday
1890s Decade Chart due on Wed