Enlightenment
&
REVOLUTION!!
Unit 6
Age of Enlightenment
(Early 1700s)
Beliefs of The Enlightenment

Using Reason Solves ALL Problems

Focus on Changing/Improving Gov’t
– Anti-Religion, Humanist
Thomas Hobbes
 Book:
Leviathan
 Only
a POWERFUL Gov’t Can Provide
Order
 People
are Naturally Cruel & Selfish
John Locke
 Book:
 All
Two Treaties of Government
People Have NATURAL RIGHTS
– Life
– Liberty
– Property
– OVERTHROW Bad Government
Montesquieu
 Book:
The Spirit of Laws
 Divide
Gov’t Into Executive, Judicial,
& Legislative
– Checks & Balances
Adam Smith
 Book:
The Wealth of Nations
 Wants
LAISSEZ FAIRE Economy
– Gov’t Leaves Economy ALONE
Others
 Roussau
– People Are Corrupted by SOCIETY
– Book: Social Contract
 Wollstoncraft
– Woman’s Equality
 Diderot
– End of Slavery/Education for All
Other Aspects of the Enlightenment



Enlightenment Authors Wanted a
Democratically Elected Gov’t
Catholic Church Banned Books by Authors
and Imprisoned Them
Absolute Monarchs Who Wanted Change
Were “Enlightened Monarchs”
– Frederick & Catherine the Great
Rise of Democracy
The King’s Advisors
 Great
Britain Became a
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
– Kingdom w/ Rules
 King
Had to Listen to a Group of
Advisors Called The CABINET Led by
a PRIME MINISTER
American Revolution
Anger in America
 Former
English in America Felt Their
Rights Were Protected By MAGNA
CARTA
 British
Sent Troops to America;
Violence Led to BOSTON MASSACRE
 American’s
Protested Over Taxes
(BOSTON TEA PARTY)
American Action
 Formed
CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
– First Independent American
Government
 DECLARATION
OF INDEPENDENCE
– Written by Thomas Jefferson Against
British Control of America
– “Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness”
American Revolutionary War
 Fought
British in America Because
Americans Were Taxed w/o Being
Represented
 BATTLE
OF YORKTOWN (1781)
– Ended War w/ American Victory
American Independence
 Treaty
of Paris (1783)
– U.S. Becomes Independent Nation
– Ally w/ France Helped U.S. Win
Poster Assignment
 Make
a Poster Advertising Either For
or Against American Independence
from Britain
 Include
 Have
Reason Why You Chose Side
a Clear Picture Representing
Opinion
The French Revolution
The Three Estates

French Society was Divided Into THREE
ESTATES Under the King:
– First: Clergy (Pastors, Priests, etc)
– Second: Nobles (Wealthy, Landowners)
– Third: Everyone Else

Estates General was France’s Parliament
or Congress
– Against King’s Power
Problems in France
 The
Government Was Broke
– Spent to Much on Wars & Luxuries
 King
Louis Called the Estates General
Into Session (Make Decisions)
– First Time in 175 Years
– Needed Them to Raise Taxes
French Constitution
 Once
In Session, Estates General
Writes NEW Constitution (1789)
– For “Life, Equality, Fraternity”
 Similar
to American Constitution in
Same Year
Rebellion Begins
 King
Louis XIV Begins Oppressing &
Attacking the Estates General
– Anger at New Constitution
 French
Citizens in Paris ATTACK the
King’s Fort, The BASTILLE for
Weapons
– Begins French Revolution
Storming of the Bastille
Revolution’s Results
 France
Formed a National Assembly
– Took Property from Catholic Church to
Pay Off Debts
 King
Louis XIV & Wife Marie
Antoinette Tried to Escape to
Germany
– Were Caught, Arrested, EXECUTED
Reign of Terror
 Max
Robespierre NEW Head of
French Gov’t
 Treated
Traitors
 Use
Enemies of Revolution as
of Guillotine
– Executed People like King Louis XIV
– Killed Over 40,000 in Paris Alone
The Guillotine
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte
 General
 Took
in the French Army
Control of France (1789)
– Made It a World Power
 SHORT,
Charismatic, In Love (w/
Josephine)
Supported By Everyone
 French
Catholics
– Gave Them Religious Freedom
 Peasants
– Allowed Them to Keep Lands Stolen
from Nobles and Church
Napoleonic Wars

Tried to Conquer the World; Europe 1st

Victories
– Italy
– Germany

Defeats
– Trafalgar (to England)
– Russia (TOO Cold; Only 2.5% Army Survived)
– Waterloo (LAST Defeat)
Napoleon’s Legacy



Napoleon Abdicates
After Losing, Exiled to
the Island Elba
Returns, but is Exiled
Again to Island in
South Atlantic, Dies
Sold Louisiana to the
United States to Pay
for Wars
– Doubled the Size of the
U.S.
Even MORE Revolution
Congress of Vienna
 Leaders
in Europe Met to Discuss
Europe’s Future
 Balanced
Power Amongst the
European Countries; Equal Power
 Replaced
Governments in Other
Countries Back to MONARCHIES
Causes of Other French
Revolutions
 Revolution
of 1830
– Charles X Tried to Make Himself an
ABSOLUTE MONARCH
 Revolution
of 1848
– Louis Philippe's Corrupt Gov’t
– Recession
– Rise in Bread Prices
Latin American Revolutions
Haiti

First Latin American Country to Rebel
– Inspired by French & American
– Leader Toussaint L’Overture JUST Like
Napoleon


Violent, Bloody Slave Rebellion Against
Masters
Made First Independent Black Nation in
the Americas
Haitian Revolution
Rebellion Against Spanish
 Mexico
– Led by Agustin de Iturbide
– Became Emperor Briefly
 Peru
– Led by Tupac Amaru II
Revolutionaries
 Simon
Bolivar
– Independence of: Venezuela, Colombia,
Ecuador, Peru, & Bolivia
 Jose
de San Martin
– Independence of: Argentina & Chile
Brazil
 PEACEFUL
Independence Gained
from Portugal
 Portuguese
King Gave Son to Rule
Brazil Independently