U.S. Government
Chapter 6


Suffrage

Franchise

Electorate

Transient

Registration

Purge

Poll books

Literacy

Poll Tax

Gerrymandering

Injunction

Preclearance

Off-year election

Political efficacy

Political Socialization
Gender gap
Party identification
Straight-ticket voting
Split-ticket voting
Independent


Suffrage

Franchise

Electorate

Chapter 6
Voters and Voter Behavior

History of Voting Rights

Expansion of the Electorate
 205 Million eligible voters

Benjamin Franklin often lampooned this situation.
He told of a man whose only property was a jackass and noted that the man would lose the right to vote if his jackass dies. “Now,” asked
Franklin, “in whom is the right of suffrage? In the man or the Jackass?”


Religious Qualifications

Property Qualifications

Direct election of Senators

15 th Amendment – Civil War Amendments

1920 - Gender – 19 th Amendment
 1960’s - Enforcement of Voting Rights acts

1961 - 23 rd Amendment – District of Columbia added to Presidential electorate

1964 - 24 th Amendment – eliminated the poll tax

1971 - 26 th Amendment – 18 year olds


State defined with minimum Federal reg.

Universal Requirements
 Citizenship

Must be a U.S. Citizen
 Residence

To prevent out of state residents from disrupting state politics (Kansas)
 Age

Cannot be prevented if 18 – may be allowed if younger – 17 year olds voting in primaries


Registration

All States except North Dakota

Literacy

Not a requirement

Grandfather Clause

Tax Payment

24 th Amendment – outlawed poll tax

Persons Denied right to Vote

Mental institutions – Convicts – Dishonorably discharged from military (not all States)


Registration Laws

Jim Crow laws – continued to prevent blacks from voting

Gerrymandering

The practice of drawing electoral district lines in order to limit the voting strength of a particular party or group.


Outlaws discrimination in several areas, especially in job-related matters.

Forbids the use of any voter registration or literacy requirements in an unfair or discriminatory manner.


Made the 15 th Amendment a truly effective part of the Constitution.

This act applied to all elections held anywhere in this country – State and local, as well as federal.

(p. 162)

That no new election laws, and no changes in existing election laws, could go into effect in any of those States unless first approved – given preclearance – by the Department of Justice.

Examples:
 Location of polling places
 The boundaries of election districts
 Deadlines in the election process
 Changes from ward or district election to at-large elections
 Qualifications candidates must meet in order to run for office


Nonvoters
 Idiots – Greek word for non-voter

Why People Do Not Vote
 Cannot-Voters

Religious beliefs

Mental health care

Jail


In 2000 – 80 million who could have voted did not.

Factors Affecting Turnout

Satisfied, Apathy,

Inconvenient, registration requirements, long ballots, long lines, Bad weather

Time zone fallout

Lack of interest


How and Why do people vote the way they do? It is predictable?


Age

Race

Family

Income, Occupation

Education

Gender

Religion, Ethnic Background

Geography


Party Identification

Candidates and Issues

Other issues:

Straight ticket voting

Split ticket voting

Independents