ART IN HISTORY
THEMATIC POWER POINT
Erica Freeman
10-21-10
A.P. American History
Period. 6
CHAPTERS 1-3
MESOAMERICAN MAIZE CULTIVATION
By
an Aztec Artist
In
simple colors of
almost no verity
Shows
a man using
a tool to dig out a
crop
The
man is only
wearing a loin cloth
Symbolizes
that the
peoples of
Mesoamerica
developed a grater
verity of cultivated
crops than any other
region in the world
This
helped the
civilization survive
HUMAN FIGURES DANCING
Painted
on a piece of
red-on-buff pottery
Made
by the
Hohokams (1000 c.e.)
The first
irrigation
farmers
This piece of art work
is a bowl type object

Tribal
like figures
(dancing) are painted
around it
THEODOR DE BRY
The New Queen Being
Taken to the King
Engraving by in the
16th century inspired by
a drawing by Jacques le
Moyne an early French
colonist of Florida
In
this time period
Florida communities
were hierarchical, with
classes and hereditary
chiefs, some being
women
-In
this engraving a
“queen” is depicted
being carried on an
ornamental litter by
men of rank
A FRENCH PEASANT IN THE FIELD BEFORE A SPECTACULAR CASTLE
Colorful
Made
in the 15th
century
The
essayist
Montaigne talked with
several American
Indians at the French
court who “noticed
among us some men
gorged to the full with
things of every sort
while their other
halves were beggars at
their doors, emaciated
with hunger and
poverty” and “found it
strange that these
poverty stricken halves
should suffer such
injustice, and that they
did not take the others
by the throat or set fire
to their houses.”
This picture depicts
the peasants working
in the field and
begging at the wall to a
huge castle
(not shown in this
version) Above this a
semi-circle with what
seems to depict the
time of year (it is in a
different language)
THE VICTIMS
Struck
Tenochtitlán
Black
and white
1520
Drawings
of
people dying from
smallpox
OF THE SMALLPOX EPIDEMIC
“There
came
amongst us a
great sickness, a
general plague,”
reads the
account,” killing
vast numbers of
people. It covered
many all over with
sores: on the face,
on the head, on
the chest,
everywhere… The
sores were so
terrible that the
victims could not
lie face down, nor
on their backs, nor
move from one
side to the other.
And when they
tried to move even
a little, they cried
out in agony.”
WATERCOLOR
Jacques
le Moyne
1564
Shows
the Timucuas
of coastal Florida and
the colonists of the
French colony of Fort
Caroline having
friendly relations
The
Timucuans had
hoped that the French
would help defend
them against the
Spanish who were in
pursuit of Indian
slaves
This
shows the
Indians welcoming the
French with a picnic of
sorts
THE ARMADA PORTRAIT OF ELIZABETH I
Unknown
artist
1648
Yellow
tinted colors
The
queen has her
hand on a globe
Symbolizing
the rising sea
power of
England
The open windows in
the background shows




the battle
against the
Spanish
Armada in
1588
and the
destruction of
the Spanish
ships in a
providential
storm
interpreted by
the queen as
an act of
divine
intervention
THE ALGONQUIAN
1585
by John
White
Brown
colors
Shows
VILLAGE OF
eighteen
longhouses
surrounded by a
palisaded
enclosure with a
guarded entrance
(almost like a wall
enclosure made of
wood)
The
house with
the pyramidshaped roof is
thought to have
been a ceremonial
center
POMEIOOC
THE MASON CHILDREN
Unknown
Boston
artist
1670
Puritan
children
David,
Joanna and
Abigail Mason
They are dressed in
finery

An indication
of wealth and
prominence of
their family
The cane in David’s
hand symbolizes his
position as the male
heir

The
rose in the hand
of Abigail symbolizes
childhood innocence
THE EARLIEST KNOWN
1651
Now
New York
The
Dutch intended
to construct a fur
trade network that
extended far into the
continent
They
paddle in
dugout canoes
25
VIEW OF
years after its
founding, the Dutch
settlement still
occupied only the
lower tip of
Manhattan Island
NEW AMSTERDAM
TERMS





Engraving
 the art of forming designs by cutting, corrosion by acids, a
photographic process, etc., on the surface of a metal plate, block of
wood, or the like, for or as for the purpose of taking off
impressions or prints of the design so formed.
Symbolism
 the practice of representing things by symbols, or of investing
things with a symbolic meaning or character.
Oil painting
 the process of painting with pigments that are bound with a
medium of drying oil
Watercolor
 The medium or the resulting artwork, in which the paints are
made of pigments suspended in a water soluble vehicle.
Pottery
 Ceramic ware, esp. earthenware and stoneware; objects that are
first shaped of wet clay, and then hardened by baking.
IMPORTANT PEOPLE

Jacques le Moyne


Jacques LeMoyne was a French artist who
came to Florida with Rene de Laudonniere, a
French explorer, in 1564. LeMoyne was the
first artist to visit the new world. He
traveled through North Florida, charting the
coastline and the lives of the Timucua
Indians.
Theodor de Bry

Theodor De Bry is best known for his series
of volumes chronicling many of the earliest
expeditions to the Americas. De Bry was a
Frankfurt goldsmith, engraver, print-seller
and book-seller.
QUESTIONS
1.
What is one example of symbolism in these forms of
art listed above?
The Mesoamericans farming
b) The human figures on the pottery dancing
c) The feast that the Timucuas prepared for the French
d) The cane held by David Mason
a)
B
2.
Who was the first artist to enter the New
World?
Theodor de Bry
b) Leonardo Da Vinci
c) Jacques le Moyne
d) David Mason
a)
C
3.
Who engraved famous artwork?
Theodor de Bry
b) Leonardo Da Vinci
c) Jacques le Moyne
d) David Mason
a)
A
4.
What is engraving in the art world?
The art of forming designs by cutting, corrosion, etc., on
the surface of an object
b) The art of carving totem poles
c) A way to illustrate newspapers
d) The art of forming designs by cutting patterns onto
canvas
a)
A
5.
How is pottery made?
Shaped ceramic ware left out to dry
b) Shaped ceramic ware that is never dried
c) Shaped ceramic ware baked
d) Shaped ceramic ware that is spun until dried
a)
C
6.
What is done to the pigments on an oil painting?
They are bound with drying oil
b) They are bound with natural oils from an animal
c) They are painted on the canvas first followed by a coat of
oil
d) They are painted on the canvas after a coat of oil is
painted on
a)
A
7.
What is done to the pigments in a watercolor?
They are painted on the canvas first followed by a coat of
water
b) They are painted on the canvas after a coat of water is
painted on
c) They are suspended in water
d) They are mixed in with water and oil
a)
C
8.
What is the sickness that killed many in
Tenochtitlán?
Measles
b) Chicken Pox
c) Poison Ivy
d) Small Pox
a)
D
9.
In the painting of “The Mason Children” what does
their clothing tell about them?
They are poor
b) They are wealthy
c) They are settlers
d) They are Indians
a)
B
10.
In the earlier art the people are drawn in the fashion
of what?
Tribal
b) Realistic
c) Cartoon
d) Animals
a)
A
SOURCES

Photos











http://www.keyshistory.org/tumucanwedding2.jpg
http://wwwdelivery.superstock.com/Image/4069/Thumb/4069-6984.jpg
http://humanpast.net/images/Hohokam3.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_du
c_de_Berry_octobre_detail.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/FlorentineCodex_BK12_F54_smallpox.jp
g
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Elizabeth_I_Armada_Portrait_British_Sc
hool.jpg
http://www.virtualjamestown.org/images/white_debry/white_31_big.GIF
http://www.steveartgallery.se/upload1/file-admin/images/new4/unknow%20artist-492773.jpg
http://cache2.assetcache.net/xc/51246189.jpg?v=1&c=IWSAsset&k=2&d=45B0EB3381F7834DF603592FD303FF
231BCE97771A966A051786C2ED51971725
http://www.johnfishersr.net/images_fia/fia1987may.jpg
Information







http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/engraving
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/symbolism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_painting
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercolor_painting
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery
http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/lemoyne/lemoyne.htm
http://www.philaprintshop.com/debry.html
CHAPTERS 4-6
WHAT IS ART?


Art is considered the product or process of
deliberately arranging symbolic elements in a way
that influences and affects the senses, emotions,
and/or intellect.
It encompasses a diverse range of human activities,
creations, and modes of expression,







including music
literature
film
photography
sculpture
And paintings.
Generally, art is made with the intention of
stimulating thoughts and emotions.
ART IN AFRICAN AMERICAN CULTURE
FROM 1441 – 1770



Country born slaves provided development and evolution of
their culture
Molded themselves into new people
This caused distinctive patterns
in dance
 in music
 oral tradition




They mostly did not have written literature which is a form of art
 Story telling
Instead they had oral literature
 Created creative thoughts
 Led to telling the stories through painting, weaving, pottery etc.
And in religion (death and burial)


Decorated graves with shells and pottery
 old custom
Dance was a form of worship
ART IN AFRICAN AMERICAN CULTURE
FROM 1441 – 1770 CONTINUED

Dance and music


Came before common language
18th century observers commented on the musical and rhythmic gifts of
Africans



Most Africans were accomplished at playing




Banjo
There style



European violin
Guitar
They recreated instruments, that they used in Africa, in America


Stringed instruments
Drums
Mastered the art of


Thomas Jefferson
African remembered their people as dancers, musicians and poets also
Featured improvisation
Rhythmic complexity
Drums were outlawed



due to fear that they were a secret way of communicating
The slaves ended up using bones, spoons, or sticks
Or just “patting juba”
 Slapping their thighs
AFRICAN AMERICAN ART INFLUENCES
Culinary arts
 Basket weaving
 Wood carving
 Architectural designs



High, peaked roofs
Broad, shady porches
Ironworking
 Dance and music


Influences back and forth between cultures
TRADITIONAL CULTURE IN THE NEW
WORLD DEALING WITH ART

Oral cultures


Depending on the transmission of information by the
spoken word rather than through print

story telling

song

music

and other crafts
Women could become involved in spinning
LITERATURE IN COLONIAL AMERICA

Literature was not primarily used as a form of
entertainment but more as a way to inspire and inform
others before the Enlightenment

People like Benjamin Franklin created fictional characters to
inform


He used some entertainment in these writings but mostly that was not
the main goal
The Enlightenment


Benjamin Franklin was quoted, “The culture of minds by the
finer arts and sciences was necessarily postponed to times of
more wealth and leisure… these times are come.”
A rising demand for drama, poetry, essays, novels and history
occurred







Including William Shakespeare
John Milton
The essays of Joseph Addison
Richard Steele
Jonathan Swift
Samuel Johnson
And editions of the classics
ART IN INDEPENDENCE

In this time period literature was the main form
of art

Documents and quotes were used with descriptive
language and use of literary symbolism

For example: The Declaration of Independence is full is
meaning behind the words and big language.
 Many say that this document was created to be read in
turn by a large amount of people due to the music and
pattern behind the words.
ART IN INDEPENDENCE CONTINUED

Famous works of art were also
inspired by this time period

Boston Massacre by Paul Revere
This was a print, originally from a
Boston Engraver
 Inaccurate by created much

propaganda

Such as The Battle of Bunker Hill
by John Trumbull

He was earned the title of “the
Painter of the Revolution”
TERMS





Spinning: an ancient textile art in which plant,
animal or synthetic fibers are twisted together to form
yarn.
Ironwork: Anything made of iron, or consists largely
of it, especially when used for decoration
Culinary Arts: the art of cooking. It is also a skill that
is attained by study, practice, or observation related
to the preparation of food
Banjo: a stringed instrument with, typically, four or
five strings, which vibrate a membrane of plastic
material or animal hide stretched over a circular
frame. Simpler forms of the instrument were
fashioned by enslaved Africans in Colonial America,
adapted from several African instruments of the same
basic design.
Literature: creative writing of recognized artistic
value; the art of written works
IMPORTANT PEOPLE
John Trumbull: was an American artist
during the period of the American
Revolutionary War and was notable for
his historical paintings. His Declaration of
Independence (one of his paintings) was
used on the reverse of the two-dollar bill.
He was considered “the Painter of the
Revolution”
 Benjamin Franklin: was one of the
Founding Fathers of the United States. A
noted polymath, Franklin was a leading
author and printer, satirist, political
theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist,
inventor, civic activist, statesman, and
diplomat.

QUESTIONS
1.
Who was “the Painter of the Revolution”?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Benjamin Franklin
Paul Revere
John Milton
John Trumbull
D
2.
What were African Americans widely described as?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Musical
Strong
Not artistic
Good painters
A
3.
How does Benjamin Franklin have anything to do
with art
a)
b)
c)
d)
He does not
He was an inspired painter
He owned slaves that were artistic
He wrote creative literature
D
4.
What is spinning?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Knitting
A type of dancing
Creating yarn
Creating blankets
C
5.
How can ironwork be an art?
a)
b)
c)
d)
It is not
You can make designs
You can paint with the melted iron
You can make instruments and play them
B
6.
The Declaration of Independence is considered an art
because
a)
b)
c)
d)
It is a song
It is not
It has hidden meaning
It is an painting
C
7.
In what time period did the arts become more in
demand?
a)
b)
c)
d)
The Enlightenment
The Inspired time
The War
The Great Depression
A
8.
What is an example of instrument that the African
Americans recreated?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Violin
Guitar
Banjo
Drumming
C
9.
Art includes
a)
b)
c)
d)
Music
Literature
Painting
All of the above
D
10.
How was art involved in burial
a)
b)
c)
d)
They danced
They decorated the graves
They sang
All of the above
D
SOURCES

Photos







http://phobos.ramapo.edu/~eshannon/AmericanSurvey1folder/SurveyIi
mages/spinningwheel.jpeg
http://www.elcivics.com/images/benjamin-franklin.jpg
http://famouspoetsandpoems.com/pictures/john_trumbull.jpg
http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/winter96/enlargement.html
http://www.artinthepicture.com/artists/John_Trumbull/bunker.jpeg
http://www.dv247.com/assets/products/37264_l.jpg
Information







http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art
http://www.picturesilove.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)
en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ironwork
www.best-culinary-schools.info/culinary-definitions.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo
wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
CHAPTERS 7-9
BENJAMIN WEST
The first American to achieve artistic prominence
in the artistic world of Europe
 Originally from Pennsylvania
 Left to England
 There he became popular as a painter of
historical scenes
 Death of General Wolfe was one of his more
acclaimed paintings
 Remained in England after the revolution

JOHN SINGLETON COPLEY
Originally from Boston
 Also moved to England
 This was due to his loyalist sentiments
 He was a portraitist
 His work was renowned for the truth and
straightforwardness of his depictions
 He did a famous portrait of Samuel Adams
 Remained in England after the revolution

GILBERT STUART








Copley and West’s most promising student
Fashionable style
Portrait of Joseph Brant (Mohawk leader)
Stuart returned to heroes in Philadelphia
Eventually grew into a famous museum of
curios, reflecting his interest in natural
history, archaeology and exotic cultures
The chaotic arrangement of exhibits was
said to be like Peale’s Jeffersonian politics
Part science part circus
The collection was purchased by the pioneer
American entertainer P.T. Barnum
JOHN TRUMBULL








From Connecticut
Predicted America’s rise
Went to Yale
Served as a soldier in the
Revolution
Went to London to study with
West
Painted The Battle of Bunker Hill
From that painting he made a
series of revolutionary scenes
He was concerned with
documentary detail in his scenes
of the birth of America
ARCHITECTURE
Nationalism was also present
 The greatest architectural project of the day was
the new federal capital city
 Named for President Washington
 Jefferson, “Architecture is worth great attention
as we double our numbers every twenty years, we
must double our houses. It is, then, among the
most important arts; and it is desirable to
introduce taste into an art which shows so
much.”

ARCHITECTURE CONTINUED

Asher Benjamin
 The Country Builder’s Assistant was a hand
book written by him
 He was from New England
 Federal Style
Restrained classicism
 He popularized an American variant of the Georgian style
 He emphasized the economy of decoration
 He recommended the use of indigenous materials
 Urban buildings were undertaken in the coastal cities
during the shipping boom due to this restrained classicism

POST REVOLUTION LITERATURE

Higher demand for books
 Dictionaries
 Dramas
 Fictional based material
 Political
TERMS





Portraitist
 A person who makes portraits, especially a painter or
photographer.
Art exhibit
 traditionally the space in which art objects (in the most general
sense) meet an audience
Classicism
 The imitation or use primarily of the style and aesthetic principles
of ancient Greek and Roman classical art and literature; in
modern times, it also refers to the adoption of such principles in
music.
Federal-style architecture
 The name for the classicizing architecture built in the United
States between c. 1780 and 1830, and particularly from 1785 to
1815. This style shares its name with its era, the Federal Period.
Curios
 something (as a decorative object) considered novel, rare, or
bizarre
IMPORTANT PEOPLE


Benjamin West
 An Anglo-American painter of historical
scenes around and after the time of the
American War of Independence. He was
the second president of the Royal
Academy in London.
Asher Benjamin
 An American architect and author whose
work transitioned between Federal style
architecture and the later Greek Revival.
His seven handbooks on design deeply
influenced the look of cities and towns
throughout New England until the Civil
War. Builders also copied his plans in the
Midwest and in the South.
QUESTIONS
1.
What was in higher demand after the Revolution?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Paintings
Books
Maps
Guns
B
2.
What was Benjamin West Famous for?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Painting
Writing books
Playing music
Singing
A
3.
What type of architecture was often used?
a)
b)
c)
d)
There was no type, it was random
Portraitist
Nationalism
Federal
D
4.
Who was Copley and West’s most promising student?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Gilbert Stuart
Asher Benjamin
Joseph Brant
John Trumbull
A
5.
What is a portraitist?
a)
b)
c)
d)
A person who makes portraits of him/her self
A person who is against the making of portraits
A person who makes portraits, in general
A person who makes portraits using only paint
C
6.
The Battle of Bunker Hill was painted by whom?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Gilbert Stuart
Jefferson
Asher Benjamin
John Trumbull
D
7.
Who was quoted about the reason why architecture
was an important art?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Washington
Jefferson
Asher Benjamin
Benjamin West
B
8.
Who served as a soldier in the Revolution?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Gilbert Stuart
Asher Benjamin
Joseph Brant
John Trumbull
D
9.
Who was the first American to achieve artistic
prominence in the artistic world of Europe
a)
b)
c)
d)
Gilbert Stuart
Asher Benjamin
Benjamin West
John Trumbull
C
10.
Who had a chaotic arrangement of exhibits?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Gilbert Stuart
Asher Benjamin
Benjamin West
John Trumbull
A
SOURCES

Photos and Information










http://www.thefreedictionary.com/portraitist
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_exhibition
http://en.mimi.hu/architecture/classicism.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_architecture
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/curios
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asher_Benjamin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_West
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_death_of_gener
al_warren_at_the_battle_of_bunker_hill.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_Stuart
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Singleton_Copley
CHAPTERS 10-12
AMERICAN ARTS AND LETTERS






1824-1840
The Age of the Common Man
During Jackson’s Presidency
There was a widespread interest in literature of all
kinds
This age was when American writers and painters
found national themes
 This allowed them to produce the first distinctively
American literature and other art types
The spread of the written word
 The transportation revolution improved
communication with different types of literature
 Rise in the number of newspapers, magazines and
books
 The print revolution in 1826 helped the growth too

Steamed power press
AMERICAN ARTS AND LETTERS CON.
 American
Culture in Art
 Philadelphia’s American Philosophical
society
Helped American art and literature
 Founded by Ben Franklin


Famous authors
Washington Irving
 James Fenimore Cooper
 Ralph Waldo

AMERICAN ARTS AND LETTERS CON.

Artists and Builders
 Artist were as successful as novelists in finding
American Themes
 Famous Artists


Thomas Cole
 Moved from England
 Was inspired by American landscapes
 Founded the Hudson River school of American painting
 Quote about him, “Every American is bound to prove his love
country by admiring Cole.”
Western Painters
 Karl Bodmer
 George Catlin
 Was driven by the need to document Indian life before it
disappeared
 He spent 8 years among the tribes of the upper Missouri River
 His collection had 500 paintings
 He toured the country with this collection
• To arouse public indignation about the western Indian nations
• He was unsuccessful
AMERICAN ARTS AND LETTERS CON.

Western Painters
 Albert Bierstadt
 Thomas Moran
 John James Audubon


Striking and grotesque etchings of American birds
George Caleb Bingham


Accomplished genre painter
Produced tidied-up scenes of American workers
Realists
 Romantics
 Drew on the dramatic western landscape and its people
 Their art was an important contribution to the American sense
of land and to the nation’s identity
 They all were inspired to record and celebrate American life
 The most prevalent scene was the American wilderness
 Ironically this was endangered by the rapid western settlement

AMERICAN ARTS AND LETTERS CON.

Buildings




Public building tended to be the monumental neoclassical style
(with columns)
 This was also used with buildings that tried to produce a
certain essence such as banks
There were many odd building choices
 Mansions for southern plantations
 Medieval prisons
America was not in a hurry to “build for the future”
They mostly used a balloon-frame structure
 Basic frame of wooden studs fastened with crosspieces top and
bottom
 Cheap
 Easy
 Quick
 Strong
 Somewhat insulated
 Housing for the common man and his family
TERMS

Steamed Power Press


Realism


was a complex artistic, literary and intellectual movement that
originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe, and
gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution.
Neoclassical Architecture


refers to the general attempt to depict subjects "in accordance with
secular, empirical rules", as they are considered to exist in third
person objective reality, without embellishment or interpretation.
Romanticism


a device for applying pressure and steam to an inked surface resting
upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring
the ink
tends to emphasize its planar qualities, rather than sculptural
volumes. Projections and recessions and their effects of light and
shade are flatter; sculptural bas-reliefs are flatter and tend to be
enframed in friezes, tablets or panels
Genre Painter

Paints pictorial representations in any of various media that
represent scenes or events from everyday life
IMPORTANT PEOPLE

Thomas Cole


an English-born American artist. He is regarded as
the founder of the Hudson River School, an American
art movement that flourished in the mid-19th
century
George Catlin

was an American painter, author and traveler who
specialized in portraits of Native Americans in the
Old West
QUESTIONS
1.
What did American’s mostly build for their homes?
a)
b)
c)
Balloon frame structures
Neoclassical structures
Mansions
A
2.
What does a genre painter paint?
a)
b)
c)
Paintings of a specific genre
Paintings of a specific type of thing (i.e. all animals or all
people)
Everyday things
C
3.
What did Thomas Cole inspire?
a)
b)
c)
Landscape paintings
Genre paintings
Neoclassical architecture
A
4.
Did all homes looks almost uniformly the same?
a)
b)
c)
Yes
No there were odd homes but most were similar
There was never a typical home style
B
5.
What was a steamed power press used for?
a)
b)
c)
Making yarn
Pressing cloth (ironing)
Making print copies
C
6.
The age Age of the Common Man was during…
a)
b)
c)
Jackson’s presidency
Jefferson’s presidency
The end of slavery
A
7.
What were western painters known as?
a)
b)
c)
Realists
Romantics
Both
C
8.
What did Ben Franklin found?
a)
b)
c)
Virginia’s American Philosophical society
Philadelphia’s American Philosophical society
Massachusetts American Philosophical society
D
9.
What did George Catlin paint?
a)
b)
c)
Buildings
Native Americans
Landscapes
B
10.
The number of books ____ during this time period.
a)
b)
c)
Rose
Fell
Stayed the same
A
SOURCES

Information







http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing_press
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genre_painter
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture
#Characteristics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism_(arts)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cole
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Catlin
CHAPTERS 13-15
THE ANTEBELLUM PERIOD/ THE SECOND
GREAT AWAKENING IN THE 1820’S- 1850’S
Time when artistic movements occurred
 Writer’s works emphasized independence of
individuals


Walt Whitman


Leaves of Grass (Book)
Art was becoming more accepted into society
 The theater was becoming more popular


Not considered a good job
Hudson River School
HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL CON.

A school for landscape paintings (mostly
made with oil paint)
 The best know native development of
landscape art
 Influenced by Düsseldorf School of
Painting


Many Americans trained there
Landscape art is a term that covers the
depiction of natural scenery such as
mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and
forests, and especially art where the main
subject is a wide view, with its elements
arranged into a coherent composition.
HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL CON.

A school like this had never been done in
America before and it also introduced the
Landscape style of painting.
 The works are now very valuable because the
start of landscape painting and the start of
this school is a huge step for art in America

Art was much more common in other countries such
as England
The school was considered an “Art Movement”
 They portrayed the greatness of nature in
America
 Themes of romanticism and Naturalism

HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL CON.

Began with the works of
 Thomas Cole (1801- 1848)
 Made the most impact
• Revolutionized the styles, themes and methods of American
Painting
• Though he didn’t just impact America’s art he also revolutionized
the worlds art form
 Did not have any formal education in art
 Derived ideas from poetry and literature
 Studied the landscapes of Thomas Doughty and Thomas Birch at the
Pennsylvania Academy
 1825 He sketched the Hudson river which brought him attention
 Traveled to Europe which made him better
 He expressed elevated moral tones and a concern with lofty themes
 He said that if nature was untouched by man then man could become
more easily acquainted with God
 Asher B. Durand (1796- 1886)
 Next to Cole with importance
 Helped Cole revolutionize art
 With the death of Cole he was recognized as the new leader of
American landscape paintings
HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL CON.

Hudson School’s Artists
 Thomas Doughty
 Thomas Chambers
 Jasper Francis
Cropsey
 Albert Bierstadt
 John William Casilear
 Frederic Edwin
Church
 Samuel Colman
 Asher Brown Durand
 Robert Duncanson
 Sanford Robinson
Gifford
 James McDougal Hart
William Stanley
Haseltine
 Martin Johnson Heade
 Hermann Ottomar
Herzog
 Thomas Hill
 David Johnson
 John Fredrick Kensett
 Jervis McEntee
 Thomas Moran
 Robert Walter Weir
 Worthington
Whittredge

HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL CON.
Inspired by
 Artists in European countries
 Emerson
 Thoreau
 William Cullen
 Bryant
 Whitman
 They believed that art was
 A vehicle through which the universal
mind could reach the mind of man kind
 an agent of moral and spiritual
transformation

TERMS



Landscape
 a term that covers the depiction of natural scenery
such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and forests,
and especially art where the main subject is a wide
view, with its elements arranged into a coherent
composition. In other works landscape backgrounds
for figures can still form an important part of the
work.
Oil Painting
 Oil painting is the process of painting with pigments
that are bound with a medium of drying oil
Sketching
 a rapidly executed freehand drawing that is not
intended as a finished work
TERMS CON.


Theater
 a branch of the performing arts. While any
performance may be considered theatre, as a
performing art, it focuses almost exclusively on live
performers creating a self-contained drama
Romanticism (art)
 a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual
movement that originated in the second half of the
18th century in Europe, and gained strength in
reaction to the Industrial Revolution. In part, it was
a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms
of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against
the scientific rationalisation of nature, and was
embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and
literature, but had a major impact on historiography,
education and natural history
IMPORTANT PEOPLE


Worthington Whittredge
 An American artist of the Hudson River School. He was
a highly regarded artist of his time, and was friends
with several leading Hudson River School artists
including Albert Bierstadt and Sanford Robinson
Gifford. He traveled widely and excelled at landscape
painting, many examples of which are now in major
museums. He served as president of the National
Academy of Design from 1874 to 1875.
Albert Bierstadt
 A German-American painter best known for his large,
detailed landscapes of the American West. In obtaining
the subject matter for these works, Bierstadt joined
several journeys of the Westward Expansion. Though
not the first artist to record these sites, Bierstadt was
the foremost painter of these scenes for the remainder of
the 19th century.
QUESTIONS
1.
Sketching is…
a)
b)
c)
A drawing that takes a lot of time
A drawing that takes a short amount of time
A fully detailed and completed work of art
B
2.
Who had the most impact to landscape painting in
America?
a)
b)
c)
Thomas Cole
Albert Bierstadt
Asher B. Durand
A
3.
What was the first landscape painting school in
America?
a)
b)
c)
Manhattan River School
The Düsseldorf School of Painting
Hudson River School
C
4.
Was American art advanced at this time period?
a)
b)
c)
Yes
No
In the middle
B
5.
What Period did artistic movement occur (1820s1850s)?
a)
b)
c)
The Antebellum Period
The Second Great Awakening
They are the same
C
6.
Literature stressed the ______ of individuals.
a)
b)
c)
Independence
Dependence
Changes
A
7.
Art in this time was MOST influenced by
a)
b)
c)
The discoveries of new lands
Poetry and Literature
Scientific discoveries
A
8.
What is oil Painting?
a)
b)
c)
Process of painting with pigments that are bound with a
medium of animal fat
Process of painting with pigments that are bound with a
medium of drying oil
Process of painting with pigments that are mixed with a
medium of suspended oil
B
9.
Did Romanticism further advance art?
a)
b)
c)
Yes
No, it stayed the same
No, it made us work rather than be involved with art (it
reversed the art advancement)
A
10.
What is a landscape painting?
a)
b)
c)
A painting of an individual
A painting with a wide view
A painting of architecture
B
SOURCES
 Information





http://www.exampleessays.com/viewpap
er/13918.html
http://www.artchive.com/artchive/C/cole
.html
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/ihas/icon/huds
on.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_
art
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Hu
dson_River_School_artists
CHAPTERS 16 AND 17
A NEW MEDIUM OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND
ARTWORK



Conveyed the of war with gruesome reality to the
American public
Regarded as the first major war that was “observed”
by the public
 It is called this because of the fact that the public
could see what the battle and life of the soldiers
was like from photographs and other artwork
While a battle was going on artists used photography
rather than other forms of art but this was not too
common
 The available artwork of battle scenes is mostly
from an artist’s memory to complete a sketch or
imagination
A NEW MEDIUM OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND
ARTWORK CON.

Special Artists
 Painting and sketching was usually used by
artists to depict the daily life of the soldiers
 Families were greatly concerned with the fate
of their sons
This meant that there was a need for journalists and artists
to report and depict these soldiers lives
 These people did not usually survive
 Newspapers sold in great numbers


At any moment there were about 12 special
artists

Low numbers due to: danger of the job and they had to be
fast and accurate sketchers
ART IN THE SOUTH
Not very well known for their art
 Publish work but mostly ignored
 Lost art due to the destruction of homes

AFRICAN AMERICANS IN ART




South Carolina legislation in 1865
 Provided that, “no person of color shall pursue or practice the art, trade, or
business of an artisan, mechanic, or shopkeeper, or any other trade
employment, or business, besides that of husbandry, or that of a servant
under contract for service or labor” without a special and costly permit.
In 1867
 The promise of radical reconstruction brought forth African American’s
with useful skills such as literacy
This time period’s paintings depicted blacks as their freedom and lives
progressed
 Artists usually tried to get their paintings accurate with the time period
that they were painting
 The most common paintings started with black being depicted as slaves,
then runaways, then freedom and then African Americans being successful
with their lives
African Americans as artists
 There were already few freed slaves that had become artists by this time
period
 There work was almost undistinguishable from white works

This was due to the fact that their audience and commissions were predominantly white
TERMS





Photography
 Derives from the Greek words phōs (genitive: phōtós) light, and
gráphein, to write. The word was coined by Sir John Herschel in
1839.A camera obscura box used for drawing images. Photography
is the result of combining several different technical discoveries.
Sketching
 a rapidly executed freehand drawing that is not intended as a
finished work
Artisan
 a skilled manual worker who makes items that may be functional
or strictly decorative, including furniture, clothing, jewelry,
household items, and tools.
Literacy
 Traditionally described as the ability to read and write. It is a
concept claimed and defined by a range of different theoretical
fields.
Commission
 (In art) the hiring and payment for the creation of a piece, often
on behalf of another
IMPORTANT PEOPLE


Robert S. Duncanson
 Was born in Seneca County, New York in 1821.
Duncanson’s father was a Canadian of Scottish
descent and his mother was an African American,
thus making him “a freeborn person of color.”
Duncanson, an artist who is relatively unknown
today, painted America, both physically and
figuratively, at a time when the country was in
turmoil. He is said to be the first free professional
black artist. He was also a Hudson River School
painter
Edward Lamson Henry
 One of the country's most popular and prolific
genre artists at the end of the nineteenth century
QUESTIONS
1.
Who was Robert S. Duncanson?
a)
b)
c)
The first free professional black artist
A popular genre artist
A “special artist”
A
2.
Who was Edward Lamson Henry?
The first free professional black artist
b) A popular genre artist
c) A “special artist”
a)
B
3.
What was a special artist?
a)
b)
c)
An artist who paints only a certain thing
An artist with special needs
An artist who sketches battle scenes
C
4.
What was the difference between African American
artwork and white art work in this time period?
The African American artwork depicted the
freedom of slaves
b) The African American artwork depicted their
harsh life
c) There was minimal differences
a)
C
5.
Did the 1865 South Carolina legislation make it easy
for African Americans to become skilled in an art?
a)
b)
c)
Yes, it ended the racism towards the African Americans in
the art world
Yes, it made it easier by providing a trade school for the
blacks
No, it made them pay for a permit to do such things
C
6.
What does Commission mean in terms of art?
a)
b)
c)
The hiring and payment for the creation of a piece, often
on behalf of another
The hiring and payment for the creation of a piece for
one’s self
The hiring and payment for the creation of a piece that is
designed fully by the buyer
A
7.
Art in the South was...?
a)
b)
c)
Valued as important by the countries art community
Virtually unrecognized
Just as famous as northern art
B
8.
What is literacy?
a)
b)
c)
Another term for an author
The ability to read
Learning to read
B
9.
Did the Hudson school accept African Americans?
a)
b)
c)
No, the 1865 South Carolina legislation did not allow
them
No, It was a white skinned only school
Yes
C
10.
What is a reason why the southern art work was not
as well known?
a)
b)
c)
They did not produce artwork
A lot of the art was destroyed
The north sabotaged them for being better artists
B
SOURCES
 Information







http://www.askart.com/askart/interest/civil_wa
r_art_1.aspx?id=40
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_photog
raphy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_(art)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artisan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Lamson_
Henry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Scott_Dun
canson