Audience Address
in the Gospels
Tom Boomershine
NOBS Seminar 2007
Audience address in the Gospels
Matthew
Mark
Luke
John
… as sympathetic Jews
…as Jews who are in
conflict with Jesus
…as disciples of
Jesus
Chapters 1 - 7
Chapters 8 - 9:17
Chapters 9:35 - 10
Birth narrative Sermon on the Mount
Conflict stories cycle
Commissioning of the twelve
Chapter 1
Chapters 2 - 3:29
Chapter 3:33 - 4
John the Baptist, 1st day,
healing of leper
Conflict stories cycle
Teaching crowds and disciples
Chapters 1 - 3
Chapters 4 - 6:9
Chapters 6 - 7
Birth narrative - John the Baptist
and the temptation
Nazareth synagogue rejection and
conflict stories cycle
Sermon on the Plain
Chapters 1 - 4
Chapters 5 - 12
Chapters 13 - 17
Passion/Resurrection Chart
John 1 - 4 Audience Address
…as sympathetic Jews
Story
Prologue (1.1-18)
John the BaptistÕs
testimony (1.19-34)
Calling of Philip and
Nathanael (1.43-51)
Wedding at Cana (2.11)
Cleansing of the Temple
(2.21-25)
Nicodemus (3.10-21)
John the Baptist (3.2736)
Samaritan woman (4.2124)
Samaritan woman (4.3438)
Speaker
Storyteller (John)
John the Baptist
Jesus
Audience
Audience
Pharisees from the Jews
(1.26-27, 29-31, 32b-34)
Nathanael (1.50,51)
Storyteller (John)
Storyteller (John)
Audience
Audience
Jesus/Storyteller
John the
Baptist/Storyteller
Jesus
Nicodemus (Pharisees)
Disciples of John
Jesus
Big Picture
Samaritan woman
(Samaritans)
Disciples
Detail View
Detail View
Detail View
John
5 - 12
Audience
Address
Hea ling of a crippled man
(5.19-47)
Feeding of five thousand
(6.26-27)
Feeding of five thousand
(6.32-33)
Feeding of five thousand
(6.43-59)
Feeding of five thousand
(6.61-65)
Feeding of five thousand
(6.67, 70)
JesusÕ brot
hers (7.6-8)
Feast of Ta bernacles
(7.16-19)
Feast of Ta bernacles
(7.21-24)
Feast of Ta bernacles
(7.28-29)
Feast of Ta bernacles
(7.33-34)
Feast of Ta bernacles
(7.37-38)
Jesus
Jews who want to kill him
Jesus
The crowd
Jesus
The crowd
Jesus
The Je ws
Jesus
The disciples
Jesus
The twelve
Jesus
Jesus
JesusÕ brot
hers
The Je ws
Jesus
The crowd
Jesus
Some Jerus alemites
Jesus
Feast of Ta bernacles
(8.12, 14-18)
Feast of Ta bernacles
(8.23-29)
Jesus
Po lice of ficers from c hief
pries ts and Phar isees
A udience (no identified
addres see in story;
inf erenc e is the crowd)
The Phar isees
Jesus
The Je ws who believ ed
in him
Feast of Ta bernacles
(8.31-32)
Feast of Ta bernacles
(8.48-58)
Jesus
Hea ling of the man blind
f rom birth (9.41-10.12)
The Temple Fes tival
(10.25-30)
The Temple Fes tival
(10.32-38)
Tr iumphal entry (12.2328)
Tr iumphal entry (12.3036)
Tr iumphal entry (12.3743)
Jesus
The Je ws who believ ed
in him
The Je ws who donÕt
believ e in him and want
to kill him
Phar isees
Jesus
The Je ws
Jesus
Jesus
The Je ws who want to
stone him
Ph ilip and A ndrew
Jesus
The crowd in Jerus alem
Story teller (John)
A udience
Jesus
Jesus
Big Picture
John 5:19 - 7:29 Audience Address
…as persons who are in conflict with Jesus
Story
Healing of a crippled man
(5.19-47)
Feeding of five thousand
(6.26-27)
Feeding of five thousand
(6.32-33)
Feeding of five thousand
(6.43-59)
Feeding of five thousand
(6.61-65)
Feeding of five thousand
(6.67, 70)
JesusÕ brot
hers (7.6-8)
Feast of Tabernacles
(7.16-19)
Feast of Tabernacles
(7.21-24)
Feast of Tabernacles
(7.28-29)
Spe ak e r
Jesus
Audience
Jews who want to kill him
Jesus
The crowd
Jesus
The crowd
Jesus
The Jews
Jesus
The disciples
Jesus
The twelve
Jesus
Jesus
JesusÕ brot
hers
The Jews
Jesus
The crowd
Jesus
Some Jerusalemites
John 5-12
Big Picture
John 7:33 - 8:58 Audience Address
…as persons who are in conflict with Jesus
Story
Feast of Tabernacles
(7.33-34)
Feast of Tabernacles
(7.37-38)
Feast of Tabernacles
(8.12, 14-18)
Feast of Tabernacles
(8.23-29)
Feast of Tabernacles
(8.31-32)
Feast of Tabernacles
(8.48-58)
Spe ak e r
Jesus
Jesus
Jesus
Jesus
Jesus
Jesus
John 5-12
Audience
Po lice of ficers from chief
priests and Pharisees
Audience (no identified
addressee in story;
inf erence is the crowd)
The Phar isees
The Jews who believed
in him
The Jews who believed
in him
The Jews who donÕt
believe in him and want
to kill him
Big Picture
John 9:41 - 12:50 Audience Address
…as persons who are in conflict with Jesus
Story
Healing of the man blind
f rom birth (9.41-10.12)
The Temple Festival
(10.25-30)
The Temple Festival
(10.32-38)
Triumphal entry (12.2328)
Triumphal entry (12.3036)
Triumphal entry (12.3743)
*Triumphal entry (12.4450)
Spe ak e r
Jesus
Audience
Pharisees
Jesus
The Jews
Jesus
Jesus
The Jews who want to
stone him
Ph ilip and Andrew
Jesus
The crowd in Jerusalem
Storyteller (John)
Audience
Jesus
Audience
John 5-12
Big Picture
John 13 - 17 Audience Address
…as followers of Jesus
Story
T he footwashing (1
3.12b20)
T he footwashing (1
3.3135))
T he footwashing (1
4.116.33)
Spe ake r
Jesus
Audie n ce
T he disciples
Jesus
T he disciples
Jesus
T he disciples
Big Picture
Mark 1 Audience Address
…as sympathetic Jews
Story
JohnÕs bapt
ism (1.7-8)
Proclamation of the
Kingdom
Speaker
John the Baptist
Jesus
Big Picture
Audience
People of Judea, etc.
People of Galilee
Mark 2 - 3:29 Audience Address
…as Jews who are in conflict with Jesus
Story
Healing of paralytic (2.810)
Eating with tax collectors
(2.17)
Question about fasting
(2.19-22)
Shucking grain on
Sabbath (2.25-28)
Man with withered hand
(3.4-5)
Jesus and Beelzebul
(3.23-29)
Spe ak e r
Audience
Jesus
Scribes
Jesus
Scribes of the Ph arisees
Jesus
Disciples of John and the
Pharisees
Pharisees
Jesus
Jesus
The people in the
synagogue
Scribes from Jerusalem
Jesus
Big Picture
Mark 3:33 - 4 Audience Address
…as disciples of Jesus
Story
JesusÕmother and
brothers (3.33-35)
Parable of the sower (4.39)
Purpose of parables and
parables of the Kingdom
(4.11-32)
JesusÕmother and
brothers (3.33-35)
Parable of the sower (4.39)
Purpose of parables and
parables of the Kingdom
(4.11-32)
Spe ak e r
Jesus
Jesus
Audience
The group sitting around
Jesus
The crowd
Jesus
Those around Jesus with
the twelve
Jesus
The group sitting around
Jesus
The crowd
Jesus
Jesus
Those around Jesus with
the twelve
Big Picture
Matthew 1 - 7 Audience Address
…as sympathetic Jews
Story
JesusÕ Genea
logy (1.1-11)
JohnÕs bapt
ism (3.2-3)
JohnÕs bapt
ism (3.7-11)
Sermon on the Mount (5.17-28)
Speaker
Matthew
John the Baptist
John the Baptist
Jesus
Big Picture
Audience
Audience
Audience
Pharisees and Sadducees
The crowds with the
disciples
Matthew 8 - 9:17 Audience Address
…as persons who are in conflict with Jesus
Story
Healing of paralytic (8.1012)
Eating with tax collectors
(9.12-13)
Question about fasting
(9.15-17))
Speaker
Audience
Jesus
Scribes
Jesus
Pharisees
Jesus
Disciples of John
Big Picture
Matthew 9:35 - 10 Audience Address
…as followers of Jesus
Story
Spe ak e r
JesusÕministry (9.35-36)
Matthew
Plentif ul harvest (9.37-38)
Jesus
Commissioning of the tw elve Jesus
(10.5-42)
Big Picture
Audience
Audience
Disciples
The twelve
Luke 1 - 3 Audience Address
…as sympathetic Jews
Story
Address toTheophilus
(1.1-4)
Announcement of JohnÕs
birth (1.13-17, 19-20)
Announcement of JesusÕ
birth (1.30-37)
MaryÕsMagnificat (1.4655)
ZechariahÕsblessing of
John (1.67-79)
Announcement to
shepherds (2.10-14)
Presentation of Jesus in
Temple (2.29-32)
JohnÕs bapt
ism (3.7-9)
JohnÕs bapt
ism (3.14-17)
Spe ak e r
Luke
Audience
Audience
Gabriel
Zechariah
Gabriel
Mary
Mary
Elizabeth
Zechariah
Angel and angel chorus
Those at the
circmcision/audience
Shepherds
Simeon
Mary and Joseph
John the Baptist
John the Baptist
Crowds
People
Big Picture
Luke 4 - 6:9 Audience Address
…as persons who are in conflict with Jesus
Story
Rejection of Jesus in
Nazareth (4.21-29)
Healing of paralytic (5.2224)
Eating with tax collectors
(5.31-32)
Question about fasting
(5.34-39)
Plucking grain on the
Sabbath (6.3-5)
Man with withered hand
(6.9)
Spe ak e r
Jesus
Audience
People of Nazareth
synagogue
Scribes and Ph arisees
Jesus
Scribes and Ph arisees
Jesus
Scribes and Ph arisees
Jesus
Scribes and Ph arisees
Jesus
Scribes and Ph arisees
Jesus
Big Picture
Luke 6 - 7 Audience Address
…as followers of Jesus
Story
Plucking grain on the
Sabbath (6.3-5)
Man with withered hand
(6.9)
Sermon on the plain
(6.20-49)
On John the Baptist (7.2435)
On justification by baptism
(7.29-30)
The woman at Simon the
PhariseeÕsdinner (7.4047)
Spe ak e r
Jesus
Audience
Scribes and Ph arisees
Jesus
Scribes and Ph arisees
Jesus
Disciples with the crow d
Jesus
Crowds
Luke
Audience
Jesus
Simon
Big Picture
Audience address in the Passion
and Resurrection Stories
… as disciples in
tension with Jesus
Matthew
Mark
Luke
John
Chapters 26:1-46
Chapters 14:1-42
Chapters 22:1-46
…as Jews who are in
conflict with Jesus
…as disciples of
Jesus
Chapters 26:47 - 27
Chapters 28
Arrest, trials, and crucifixion
Resurrection and appearances
Chapters 14:43 - 15:47
Chapters 16
Arrest, trials, and crucifixion
Resurrection
Chapters 22:47 - 23
Chapters 24
Arrest, trials, and crucifixion
Resurrection and appearances
Chapters 18 - 19
Chapters 20 - 21
Arrest, trials, and crucifixion
Resurrection and appearances
Big Picture Chart
John 18 - 19 Audience Address
…as persons who are in conflict with Jesus
Story
The high priest hearing
(18.20-21, 23)
The trial before Pilate
(18.38-39)
The trial before Pilate
(19.4,5,6)
The trial before Pilate
(19.14, 15)
Crucifixion (19.24b.-25)
(Prophecy f ulfilled)
Spe ak e r
Pilate
Audience
The high priest/Annas
and the police
The Jews
Pilate
The Jews
Pilate
The Jews
Storyteller
Audience
Jesus
Passion/Resurrection Chart
John 20 - 21 Audience Address
…as followers of Jesus
Story
Appearance to the 11
(20.19, 21. 22-23)
Purpose of book (20.3031)
The disciple who wrote
this book (21.24-25)
Appearance to the 11
(20.19, 21. 22-23)
Purpose of book (20.3031)
Spe ak e r
Jesus
Audience
The disciples
Storyteller (John)
Audience
Post-John storyteller,ÒweÓ Audience
Jesus
The disciples
Storyteller (John)
Audience
Passion/Resurrection Chart
Luke 22:1-46 Audience Address
…as disciples in tension with Jesus
Story
Preparations for the
Passover (22.8-12)
To the apostles at the last
supper (22.1-38)
Jesus
Audience
Peter and John
Jesus
The apostles
Speaker
Passion/Resurrection Chart
Luke 22:47 - 23 Audience Address
…as Jews who are in conflict with Jesus
Story
The arrest
Speaker
Jesus
The trial before Pilate
(23.4,14,16,22)
To the daughters of
Jerusalem w ailing for him
(23.28-31)
Pilate
Jesus
Audience
Chief priests, temple
police and elders
Chief priests and the
crowds
The daughters of
Jerusalem
Passion/Resurrection Chart
Luke 24 Audience Address
…as disciples of Jesus
Story
The resurrection (24.5-7)
Speaker
Two men in dazzling
clothes
Appearanceon the road
to Emmaus (24.25-26)
Appearance in Jerusalem
(24.-38-49)
Jesus
Jesus
Audience
Mary Magdalene,
Joanna, Mary, the
mother of James
Cleopas and his
companion
The eleven and their
companions
Passion/Resurrection Chart
Mark 14:1-42 Audience Address
…as disciples in tension with Jesus
Story
Anointing by woman
(14.6-9)
Preparations for Passover
(14.13-15)
Betrayal prophecy (14.1821)
The last supper (14.2225)
Prophecy of desertion and
denial (14.27-30)
Gethsemane (14.37-38,
41-42)
Spe ak e r
Jesus
Audience
Those who rebuked the
woman
Two disciples
Jesus
Twelve
Jesus
Twelve
Jesus
Twelve and Pe ter
Jesus
Peter and Pet er, James
and John
Jesus
Passion/Resurrection Chart
Mark 14:43 - 15:47 Audience Address
…as Jews who are in conflict with Jesus
Story
The arrest (14.48-49)
The trial before the
Council (14.63-64)
The trial before Pilate
(15.9, 12-14)
Speaker
High priest
Audience
The crowd from the
priests, scribes, and
elders
The Council
Pilate
The crowd
Jesus
Passion/Resurrection Chart
Mark 16 Audience Address
…as disciples of Jesus
Story
The resurrection (16.6-7)
Speaker
Young man
Audience
Mary Magdalene, Mary,
and Salome
Passion/Resurrection Chart
Matthew 26:1-46 Audience Address
…as disciples in tension with Jesus
Story
Anointing by woman (26.1013)
Preparations for Passover
(26.18)
Betrayal prophecy (26.2324)
The last supper (26.26-29)
Prophecy of desertion and
denial (26.31-32)
Gethsemane (26.40-41, 4546)
Speaker
Jesus
Audience
Disciples
Jesus
Disciples
Jesus
Disciples
Jesus
Jesus
Disciples
Disciples
Jesus
Peter and the disciples
Passion/Resurrection Chart
Matthew 26:47 - 27 Audience Address
…as Jews who are in conflict with Jesus
Story
The arrest: about the sword
(26.52-54)
The arrest (26.55-56)
The trial before the Council
(26.65-66)
The trial before Pilate
(27.17, 21, 22)
Spe ak e r
Jesus
Audience
One of those with Jesus
Jesus
High priest
The crowds
The Council
Pilate
The crowd
Passion/Resurrection Chart
Matthew 28 Audience Address
…as disciples of Jesus
Story
The resurrection (28.5-7)
Speaker
Angel
The appearance to the
women (28.9-10)
The apostolic commission
(28.18-20)
Jesus
Jesus
Audience
Mary Magdalene and the
other Mary
Mary Magdalene and the
other Mary
Disciples
Passion/Resurrection Chart