Activator
 Close Reading Analysis
 Observations and conclusions
 Inferences
 Corroboration
 How do the documents interact with one another?
 Do they corroborate or contradict?
 What are the sources of their agreement or
disagreement?
Observations
and
conclusions;
Inferences
Lithograph by Edward Williams Clay, 1834
Observations
and
conclusions;
Inferences
Corroboration
 Corroboration
 How do the documents interact with one another?
 Do they corroborate or contradict?
 What are the sources of their agreement or
disagreement?
The Age of
Jackson
The Jacksonian Period (1824-1848)
has been celebrated as the era of
the “common man.” Thinking about
economic development, politics,
and social reform movements, to
what extent did this period live up to
its characterization?
Homework
 Tonight (11/18) Watch Age of Jackson: Crash Course in
American History #14
 Tonight (11/18) Review Chapter 13 Cornell Notes, Age of
Jackson Lecture Notes (and corresponding Adam Norris video)
 Tomorrow: Complete the APUSH Review: Chapters 11-13 (first
without notes; then look back)
 Looking ahead:
 Read Chapter 14 (due Thursday 11/21) and 15 (due Monday
11/25)
 Not requiring Cornell Notes B for these chapters, but you will be
accountable for them through online quizzes and your period 4 test.
 Period 4 test Tuesday - Wednesday the 26-27th
 FRQ and Multiple Choice
The “Corrupt Bargain”
Election of 1824
 4 candidates for President: Andrew
Jackson (TN), John Q. Adams (MA),
Henry Clay (KY), George Crawford (GA)
 None win majority of electoral vote
 Per 12th amendment (1804), House
votes on top 3  Clay out
 Clay (Speaker of the House) throws
support behind Adams
 Adams wins (#6); Clay becomes
Secretary of State
 Jackson, who won majority of popular
vote, is furious
Democratic participation
“Old Hickory”
 Was seen as a “common man”
 Strong unionist & nationalist, believed in
federal supremacy over the states
 “Spoils” System: giving government jobs in
exchange for political support
 Believed the more people in office, the
more government is truly by the people
 Tariff of Abominations (black tariff) (1828)
 Tariffs, especially this one, promote
sectional differences
 South Carolina proposed that the state
should nullify the tariff


Fear over federal interference with slavery;
Denmark Vesey’s rebellion (1822)
VP John C. Calhoun secretly penned the
South Carolina Exposition
 Connection: Where does the logic of
nullification come from?
“Nullies” in South Carolina

Tariff of 1832


South Carolina legislature nullifies tariff



Reduced the tariff amount, but still high
enough to anger the South
Threatened to secede from the union if
federal government tries to collect duties
by force (Nullification Crises)
Jackson dispatched naval, mulitary
reinforcements; quietly mobilized army
Henry Clay resolved the issue:

Compromise Tariff of 1833



Tariff would be reduced by 10% per year
for 8 years
Prevents a Civil War
Force Bill, “Bloody” Bill (1833)

President can use the military to collect
federal tariffs
“Civilizing” the Native Americans
 Washington acknowledges Indians as independent
nation
 Treaties are constantly violated; territorial lines
redrawn to the loss of Native Americans
 Assimilation
 1787 Society for Propagating the Gospel Among
Indians
 1793 Congress appropriated $20,000 for promotion of
literacy, agriculture, vocational instruction
 Southern tribes, “Civilized Tribes,” accommodated
 Cherokee
 Alphabet, written legal code, written constitution, cotton
plantation and slaveholding (1,300), newspaper, dress
The Trail of Tears
 Indian Removal Act (1830)
 Removal of Native Americans beyond the Mississippi to Oklahoma
 “Trail of Tears” 1831-38
 1831 Choctaw – 1832 Seminole – 1833 Creek – 1837 Chicasaw – 1838
Cherokee
 1838 18,000 Cherokees forcibly removed from their homes and
marched 1,000 miles to Indian Territory (Oklahoma)
 Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)
 Court ruled that the Cherokee nation was not a foreign nation with
the right to sue Federal Court
 Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
 Rules that the law of Georgia had no force within the boundaries of
the Cherokee land and the Cherokee could not be required to move
west
 Jackson ignores, (allegedly says) “John Marshall made his decision,
now let him enforce it.”
The Trail of Tears (1831 – 1838)
The Bank War
 Jackson hated BUS, distrusted monopolies and big businesses
 Clay (KY) and Webster (MA) pushed for new charter in 1832, four
years before 2nd charter expired
 Jackson used veto

Connection: Supreme Court declared BUS2 constitutional in which case?
 Clay dubs Jackson King Andrew the First, forms Whigs
 1833, Jackson decides to “bury” the bank by removing federal
funds
 Nicholas Biddle, president of the BUS, is forced to recall loans 
creates economic “panic”
 BUS is dead due to lack of funds (with four years left)
 1836, w/economy spiraling out of control, Jackson calls Specie
Circular:
 No more speculation on credit: All public lands must by purchased
with “hard” currency (gold)
 Helps contribute to panic and crash in 1837
Panic of 1837
 What caused Panic of 1837?
 Speculation of western land (buy low, sell for profit)
 Bank War
 Specie Circular, shortage of gold
 “Pet” Banks:
 State banks in which the federal gov. deposited
funds after the death of BUS
 A way of showing patronage (spoils)
Texas

NOT yet part of the United States

1823, a newly independent Mexico granted to Stephen Austin what is today Texas:

Mexico encourages immigration of Catholics

1830, Mexico emancipated slaves, tensions between Mexico and the US increased

Texas declares independence from Mexico in 1836




Sam Houston named commander-in-chief
Santa Anna (leader of Mexico) sends 6,000 troops into Texas
(Remember) The Alamo: 13-day siege, all Americans are killed
Battle of San Jacinto:

Sam Houston captures Santa Anna, signs 2 treaties:


Withdraws Mexican troops, recognizes boundary of Texas (will come into play in
Mexican-American War!)
Later Santa Anna will claim he signed under duress, treaties null and void

Texas wants to join Union

Fear from North over slavery

Jackson recognizes Republic of Texas on Jackson’s last day in office

Still, NOT part of the United States
“Age of Jackson” Legacy
 Jackson elected via a more democratic process and yet
he concentrated more power in the executive, in a
thoroughly undemocratic way.
 Disastrous fiscal policies; initiated large-scale Indian
Removal
 Argued that the president is most important democratically
elected official in the country
 Expansion of democracy
 Important caveat: Women, blacks, Native Americans denied
the vote
 The beginnings of the modern American political system
 Whigs (Northern, business) vs. Democrats (Southern, agrarianslavery)